Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats

Inulin nanoparticles and silymarin counteract chlorpromazine-induced injury in the liver and kidney of rats

“…In the current study, the decrease in GPx, SOD and CAT accompanied with the increase in MDA and NO in hepatic and renal tissue indicated the stressful and the oxidative stress in these organs. Furthermore, these disturbances in antioxidant/oxidant were correlated positively with the impairment of liver or kidney injury as suggested earlier (Hassan and Yousef, 2010). On the other hand, the generation of ROS induces lipid peroxidation (MDA) then the modification of DNA and protein in the cells.…”

“…In this concern, Kaur and Gupta, (2002) reported that inulin contains oligofructose which inhibits fatty acid synthesis and has a prebiotic effect and decrease total lipids, triglyceride, LDL and cholesterol through the inhibition of hydroxyl methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase (Brosnahan and Fraer, 2009), but it increased HDL, total protein and albumin. Moreover, it was reported that inulin showed antioxidant properties, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Atta et al, 2010) and has a free radical scavenging activity (Hassan and Yousef, 2010). Additionally, inulin also has prebiotic effects and supports beneficial bacteria in the gut (Hartzell et al, 2013), stimulate the production of microbial short chain fatty acid, mainly the production of butyrate (Welters et al, 2002) which is a suitable source of energy for colonocytes (Hartzell et al, 2013) and has anti-inflammatory properties (Inan et al, 2000).…”

A Combination of Prebiotic Inulin and Oligofructose Improve Some of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…21,36 Furthermore, the inulin-type fructans may improve oxidative stress status through modulation of cytokine-induced oxidative stress, down-regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and TLR pathways, 34 modification of antioxidant enzymes gene expression. 35 Moreover, modification of microflora toward lactobacilli containing antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract and releasing their intracellular antioxidants upon lyses of lactobacilli resident 30 might be other mechanism. Some aspects need to be considered in the interpretation of our results, including short interventional time, lack of assessment serum fatty acids, glucose clamp, lack of define gut microflora changes and other oxidative stress indices, such as F (2)-isoprostanes.…”

“…The fructans may act as antioxidant themselves; they could act directly as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and indirectly through modulation of SCFA production, 33 cytokine 34 as well as gene expression. 35 Butyrate as SCFA, leads to reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase activity, restoration of glutathione concentration and reduction in ROSmediated p 42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. 33 We have already reported that Oligofructose-enriched inulin and resistant dextrin, as prebiotic, improve some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Involvement in Different Toxicities

“…In another study, decrease in GSH and catalase activity was reported in NaNO 2 -intoxicated rats [53]. In their study investigating the histopathological, biochemical, and genotoxic effects of low dose NaNO 2 administration for 8 months, Ozen et al [54] reported that the liver and kidney NO levels were decreased in rats.…”