Ameliorating Effect of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate on the 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinson's Disease of Mice

Abstract

SummaryThe effect of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) on the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) of mice was examined for 5 d. The distilled water (the control group) and the DMSP solution at 5ϫ10 Ϫ4 M (the DMSP group) were supplemented ad libitum to six mice each in two groups for 2 wk. An appropriate amount of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) solution (20 mg/kg body wt) was then intraperitoneally injected into all the test mice once a day initially for 3 d, which definitely made the control mice similar to the PD-model mice. The moving ability (running power) of the mice in both groups was measured using an automatic Wheel Running Instrument. The immobility duration of the upside-down mice in both groups was estimated by a newly developed polygraph (RMP-6008M, Nihon Koden Co., Ltd., Japan). The results indicated that the mice in the DMSP group showed a stronger moving ability and a shorter immobility duration compared to the mice in the control group during the experimental period. Furthermore, the amounts of catecholamines (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the brains except for the cerebellums of all the test mice were estimated 2 d after the last MPTP injection, which demonstrated that the brains of the mice in the DMSP group accumulate larger amounts of catecholamines, especially dopamine, than them in the control group. Accordingly, the administration of low concentrations of DMSP proved to prevent and/or ameliorate the decreased mobility and the typical immobility (Akinesia) of the MPTP-induced PD-model mice probably due to increased amounts of dopamine in the brains of the DMSP group mice.

Effects of Nerve Growth Factor and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Green Sea Algae on the Outgrowth of Neurites from Pheochromocytoma Cells

“…Therefore, the obtained results may provide evidence that DMSP increases the amounts of catecholamines (17,19,22), and thus elevates the NGF amounts (40), which promotes the outgrowth and elongation of neurites from the nerve cells. These findings may suggest that DMSP, which directly incorporates and accumulates catecholamines into the livers and brains in the experiments with rats and mice (17,19,22), more effectively not only prevents and/or ameliorates the neuronal development from the retardation and denaturation of the central nervous system in a diseased brain (Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases) and the aging (especially dimentia) of humans, but also from various injuries of the peripheral and central nervous system in humans (28,41), accompanied by the increase of NGF.…”

“…In previous experiments, we examined the effects of the naturally-occurring sulfur-containing compound DMSP on various living things, which have interestingly demonstrated that this compound afforded favorable effects on the feeding, growth, motility, molting, metamorphosis and/or diseases of various plants ( 1 , 2 , 9 , 10 ) and animals (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) living in the water-and airenvironment among a number of related compounds. Among the DMSP effects, noticeable ameliorating effects of DMSP on the various aging phenomena, especially the loss of learning and memory, in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) (23)(24)(25)(26) are believed to be very significant among them even at present and moreover in the future.…”

Aerobic exercise decreases the positive-reinforcing effects of cocaine

“…Such reductions in wheel running reported in the present study may be due to depletion of central dopamine stores induced by repeated exposure to high doses of cocaine. Consistent with this possibility, a number of studies report that dopamine depletion induced by 6-hydroxydopamine lesions (Derevenco et al, 1986;Isobe and Nishino 2001), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine lesions (Leng et al, 2004;Nakajima and Minematsu, 2006), and repeated amphetamine administration (Serwatkiewicz et al, 2000) markedly reduces exercise output in laboratory rats and mice.…”

Inhibition of the Outgrowth and Elongation of Neurites from Pheochromocytoma Cells by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and Preventive Effects of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Presence of Nerve Growth Factor

“…The compound proves to rapidly incorporate into the livers and brains in rats and mice, stimulate their moving abilities and simultaneously accumulate large amounts of catecholamines in their viscera ( 9 , 10 ). We then examined the effects of DMSP on PD-model mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ( 11 ). The obtained results indicated that the supplementation of DMSP in PD-model mice induced by MPTP significantly recovers a characteristic symptom, especially immobility (Akinesia), of the mice, at which large amounts of dopamine and then norepinephline proved to accumulate in the brains of the mice except in the cerebellum ( 11 ).…”

“…We then examined the effects of DMSP on PD-model mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ( 11 ). The obtained results indicated that the supplementation of DMSP in PD-model mice induced by MPTP significantly recovers a characteristic symptom, especially immobility (Akinesia), of the mice, at which large amounts of dopamine and then norepinephline proved to accumulate in the brains of the mice except in the cerebellum ( 11 ). We further attempted to examine the combined effects of DMSP with MPTP and nerve growth factor (NGF) on the outgrowth of neurites from nerve model cells, the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, which have been frequently used to examine various action mechanisms of the nerve cells and fibrils in the central nervous system in recent years ( 12 -14 ).…”