Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways

Abstract

Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis‐mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF‐kB, Nrf2‐ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.

A review on traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture intervention for Alzheimer’s disease based on the neuroinflammatory

“…Numerous studies have provided experimental evidence for curcumin in the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases [ 86 ]. Curcumin can promote a series of neuroprotective responses by regulating various signal cascades in the brain, such as improving neuronal vitality, promoting neuronal differentiation and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis [ 87 ]. This involves a variety of mechanisms, including effects on neurotransmitters in the brain, modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis [ 88 ], upregulation of neurotrophic factor levels, or increased nerve regeneration.…”

Recent updates on clinical developments of curcumin and its derivatives

“…The global burden of metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and so forth has put a huge threat in both developed and developing countries. The metabolic diseases are characterized by abnormal triglycerides and cholesterol levels, excess body fat around the waist, enhanced blood pressure, and blood sugar levels (Amin et al, 2015; Joshi, Bisht, et al, 2022; Panahi, Khalili, et al, 2014; Yang et al, 2014). Thus, it is crucial to discover effective therapies from the natural resources for the treatment of metabolic disorders.…”

Neuroprotekcyjne działanie kurkuminy i jej potencjalne zastosowanie w leczeniu chorób neurodegeneracyjnych

“…Urazy nerwów obwodowych stanowią dużą grupę chorób neurologicznych z szerokim spektrum objawów w zależności od stopnia uszkodzenia. Do badań nad procesem regeneracji w obrębie uszkodzonego neuronu najczęściej wykorzystuje się nerw kulszowy modelu zwierzęcego [49]. Konsekwencją uszkodzenia nerwu kulszowego może być utrata jego funkcji motorycznych, czuciowych i autonomicznych, co powoduje upośledzenie ruchu.…”