Amelioration strategies for saline soils: a review

Qadir, Manzoor; Ghafoor, Abdul; Murtaza, Ghulam

doi:10.1002/1099-145x(200011/12)11:6<501::aid-ldr405>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 324 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…It is well known that due to high concentrations of soluble salts, the use of such waters may result not only in the decrease of crop yield, but also in the reduction in soil water infiltration capacity (e.g., McNeal 1974;Shainberg and Levy 1992;Qadir et al 2000). A variety of strategies have been adopted to overcome problems associated with soil salinity, including improving the productivity of saline soils mainly through leaching of excess soluble salts, blending and reusing of saline drainage waters, selecting of tolerant varieties of suitable crops, and using appropriate agronomic practices (Rhoades et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of saline water use in wheat-cultivated lands using the UNSATCHEM model

2012

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Waters of poor quality are often used to irrigate crops in arid and semiarid regions, including the Fars Province of southwest Iran. The UNSATCHEM model was first calibrated and validated using field data that were collected to evaluate the use of saline water for the wheat crop. The calibrated and validated model was then employed to study different aspects of the salinization process and the impact of rainfall. The effects of irrigation water quality on the salinization process were evaluated using model simulations, in which irrigation waters of different salinity were used. The salinization process under different practices of conjunctive water use was also studied using simulations. Different practices were evaluated and ranked on the basis of temporal changes in rootzone salinity, which were compared with respect to the sensitivity of wheat to salinity. This ranking was then verified using published field studies evaluating wheat yield data for different practices of conjunctive water use. Next, the effects of the water application rate on the soil salt balance were studied using the UNSATCHEM simulations. The salt balance was affected by the quantity of applied irrigation water and precipitation/dissolution reactions. The results suggested that the less irrigation water is used, the more salts (calcite and gypsum) precipitate from the soil solution. Finally, the model was used to evaluate how the electrical conductivity of irrigation water affects the wheat production while taking into account annual rainfall and its distribution throughout the year. The maximum salinity of the irrigation water supply, which can be safely used in the long term (33 years) without impairing the wheat production, was determined to be 6 dS m -1 . Rainfall distribution also plays a major role in determining seasonal soil salinity of the root zone. Winter-concentrated rainfall is more effective in reducing salinity than a similar amount of rainfall distributed throughout autumn, winter, and spring seasons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effects of saline water use in wheat-cultivated lands using the UNSATCHEM model

2012

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“…In temperate, moist climates salinity occurs on a smaller scale, principally in salt water marshes, at the side of highways and in salty effluent discharges (Pathak & Rao, 1998;Keren, 2000;Qadir et al, 2000;Wichern, 2006). Salinization consists of an accumulation of water soluble salts in the soil.…”

Section: Soil Salinizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity on Soil Microorganisms

Silva¹,

Fay²

2012

Soil Health and Land Use Management

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“…These properties are important in chemical and biological quality of soils (Lal et al, 1999). Previous studies in semiarid areas combining remote sensing and soil analyses have indicated significant differences in these properties in different land cover classes (Biro et (Qadir et al, 2000). This fact explains that marshes and saltmarshes soils have higher EC values than the other land cover classes, since they are areas with poor drainage and temporally flooded.…”

Section: Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An adequate salt supply is essential for an optimum development of photosynthetic mechanism and other biochemical processes in plants (Sitte et al, 1994). Soil salt content constitutes an environmental problem when salt accumulation generates drastic changes in soil physical and chemical properties, adversely affecting soil productivity and plant growth (Richards, 1954;Qadir et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%