Abstract. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is critical in the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been found to be the third gaseous signaling molecule with anti-ER stress effects. Previous studies have shown that H 2 S acts as a potent inhibitor of fibrosis in the heart of diabetic rats. This study aimed to demonstrate whether H 2 S exhibits protective effects on the myocardium of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by suppressing ER stress. In this study, diabetic models were established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 40 mg/kg STZ. The STZ-treated mice were divided into three groups, and subsequently treated with normal saline, 30 µmol/kg or 100 µmol/kg NaHS, i.p., respectively, for 8 weeks. The extent of myocyte hypertrophy was measured using hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and collagen components were investigated using immunostaining. The expression of glucose-regulated protein (Grp78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 in the heart tissue of each group was detected by western blot analysis. It was demonstrated that H 2 S could improve myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial collagen deposition in diabetic rats. In addition, it could reduce the expression of Grp78, caspase-12 and CHOP. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that H 2 S suppresses STZ-induced ER stress in the hearts of rats, and it may serve as a novel cardioprotective agent for DC.