American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN)

Moriarty, Patrick; Hamilton, Nicholas; Debnath, Mithu; Herges, Thomas; Isom, Brad; Lundquist, Julie K.; Maniaci, David Charles; Naughton, Brian; Pauly, Rebecca M.; Roadman, Jason; Shaw, W. Hudson; Dam, Jeroen van; Wharton, Sonia

doi:10.2172/1659798

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In addition to extending the duration of wake-steering experiments, we expect uncertainty can be greatly reduced by increasing the number of wind turbines used to validate the overall impact of wake steering. ENGIE and NREL aim to incorporate some of these improvements by collaborating on a larger-scale wake-steering campaign as part of the upcoming AWAKEN (American WAKE ex-perimeNt) experiment in the United States (Moriarty et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance

Simley

Fleming

Girard³

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. Wake steering is a wind farm control strategy in which upstream wind turbines are misaligned with the wind to redirect their wakes away from downstream turbines, thereby increasing the net wind plant power production and reducing fatigue loads generated by wake turbulence. In this paper, we present results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant involving two wind turbines spaced 3.7 rotor diameters apart. During the 3-month experiment period, we estimate that wake steering reduced wake losses by 5.6 % for the wind direction sector investigated. After applying a long-term correction based on the site wind rose, the reduction in wake losses increases to 9.3 %. As a function of wind speed, we find large energy improvements near cut-in wind speed, where wake steering can prevent the downstream wind turbine from shutting down. Yet for wind speeds between 6–8 m/s, we observe little change in performance with wake steering. However, wake steering was found to improve energy production significantly for below-rated wind speeds from 8–12 m/s. By measuring the relationship between yaw misalignment and power production using a nacelle lidar, we attribute much of the improvement in wake-steering performance at higher wind speeds to a significant reduction in the power loss of the upstream turbine as wind speed increases. Additionally, we find higher wind direction variability at lower wind speeds, which contributes to poor performance in the 6–8 m/s wind speed bin because of slow yaw controller dynamics. Further, we compare the measured performance of wake steering to predictions using the FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State) wind farm control tool coupled with a wind direction variability model. Although the achieved yaw offsets at the upstream wind turbine fall short of the intended yaw offsets, we find that they are predicted well by the wind direction variability model. When incorporating the expected yaw offsets, estimates of the energy improvement from wake steering using FLORIS closely match the experimental results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance

Simley

Fleming

Girard³

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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“…The AWAKEN field campaign is scheduled to run from March 2022 to October 2023. The goal of AWAKEN is to better understand the interaction between wind plants and their surrounding environment IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022058 2 through coordinated field observations and simulations under different atmospheric conditions (1). These observations aim to look at not only individual turbine wakes but also the wakes produced behind an entire wind plant and other wind plant-atmosphere interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) field campaign

Debnath¹,

Scholbrock²,

Zalkind³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) is a multi-institutional collaborative field campaign, starting in March 2022, that will gather an unprecedented data set including both atmospheric observations and wind plant operational data. This comprehensive data set will be used to characterize the wind plant performance and turbine loading in different operational and atmospheric conditions and validate the use of different wind plant control strategies and simulation frameworks. An extensive field campaign like AWAKEN requires proper coordination and long-term planning to be successful. In this paper, we review the major activities planned during AWAKEN to provide information for current and future project partners. Specifically, we provide information about the project sites, their planned instruments, and how these will relate to the scientific objectives of the overall AWAKEN project.

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“…We believe that turbine designers can decrease the number of critical simulations needed by using the temporal and spatial trends of this study to estimate the specific turbulence realizations that will cause the greatest wind turbine load variation. Additionally, we believe that this work can inform future experimental wind turbine campaigns, such as [9] by providing an estimate of the spatial and temporal resolution requirements needed for inflow measurements to capture the largest load variations. In the near future, this study should be expanded to simulate wind turbine response to more physically accurate inflows produced by STG, such as the work performed by Dimitrov et al [10], or LES simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer with different realizations of the integral length scales within the rotor domain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impact of Canonical Perturbations in the Inflow on Wind Turbine Loads

McGhee

Wagh

Farnsworth

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The turbulent velocity field in the atmospheric boundary layer creates inflow fluctuations at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered for resilient turbine design. This study is focused on separately characterizing the wind turbine’s response to canonical spatial or temporal oscillations in the inflow with only one wavelength or frequency. Temporal fluctuations in the inflow produce a response that is up to an order of magnitude greater than that of purely spatial fluctuations. The response to spatial oscillations in the inflow is also highly dependent on the alignment of the spatial waveform in the inflow to the rotor hub (i.e. phase angle). Different phase angles produced up to a factor of 30 difference in load variations. The integrated wind turbine loads show the largest response to spatial oscillations at wavelengths around 100-140m which is approximately four times the response at the chord scales. Structural deformations largely dampen the response to spatial oscillations in the inflow while increasing the response to temporal fluctuations near the blade rotation frequency. The wind turbine control system also amplifies the load response to temporal oscillations near the blade rotation frequency.

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American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN)

Abstract: Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov.

Cited by 21 publications

References 80 publications

Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance

Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance

Design of the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) field campaign

Impact of Canonical Perturbations in the Inflow on Wind Turbine Loads

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