Amidinothiourea as a secondary accelerator in a binary system for the sulphur vulcanization of natural rubber

Mini, Varghese T. Elizabeth; Mathew, Cyriac; Kuriakose, A. P.; Francis, D. Joseph

doi:10.1007/bf00353032

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An ATU derivative, 1‐phenyl 3( N,N′ ‐diphenyl) ATU, was also used in similar reactions. All these compounds showed an appreciable reduction in the optimum cure time compared to the reference formulations, suggesting a nucleophilic reaction mechanism in these vulcanization reactions 3–8. Based on the above observations, another substituted derivative of ATU with different nucleophilic character, namely, N ‐amidino, N′ ‐phenyl TU ( VI ), was tried in the present study using mecaptobenzothizyldisulfide (MBTS)/TMTD/CBS as the primary accelerator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Studies on novel binary accelerator system in sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

Susamma

Mini

Kuriakose

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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The synergistic activity of binary accelerator systems in rubber vulcanization is well known. Thiourea and its derivatives are important secondary accelerators in this context. It is suggested that thiourea containing binary systems of rubber vulcanization proceed by a nucleophilic reaction mechanism. Amidinothioureas (ATUs), which are derivatives of thiourea, have been investigated extensively as secondary accelerators. One of the aims of this study was to get further proof with regard to the theory of the nucleophilic reaction mechanism in such binary systems. In the present study phenyl substituted ATU was used as a secondary accelerator along with mercaptobenzothizyl disulfide, tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, or cyclohexyl benzthiazyl sulfenamide in the sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber. The results showed an appreciable reduction in the cure time for the mixes containing the ATU compared to the reference mixes. These results are indicative of a nucleophilic reaction mechanism in the vulcanization reaction under review. These vulcanizates also showed comparatively better tensile properties and good retention of these properties after aging. The optimum dosages of the secondary accelerator required for these vulcanization reactions were also derived. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1–8, 2001

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Studies on novel binary accelerator system in sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

Susamma

Mini

Kuriakose

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…Dogadkin and co-workers 101 They include sulphenamides in combination with TMTD and those containing combination of accelerators belonging to the same class. 105 Further investigations [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115] with binary accelerator systems have provided more valuable information regarding the mechanism of their action. Though the above classification of binary accelerator systems is very useful, the mechanism suggested cannot explain all the facts exhibited by the mixed accelerator systems.…”

Section: Binary Accelerator Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Mechanism of the action of TMTD-Thiourea binary system. In the works of Mathew et al [110][111][112][113][114][115] the accelerating activity of several thiourea derivatives were compared. The crosslinking reaction shown in Step 3 follows from the products of Step requires the thiuram polysulphides (A) produced in reaction Step 1.…”

Section: Binary Accelerator Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments in Crosslinking of Elastomers

Aprem

Joseph²,

Thomas

2005

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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The recent developments in the vulcanization of elastomers, major types of crosslinking, and mechanism of crosslinking have been reviewed. Attention has been made to sum up the accelerated vulcanization. Possible mechanisms by which the reaction is taking place are discussed. The role of accelerators, activators, and fillers has been described. The different types of crosslinks and importance of each type on the specific properties of the resulting vulcanizates, etc., are discussed. Various aspects of vulcanization like model compound vulcanization, nitrosamine generation, etc., are discussed. The importance of binary accelerators and possible mechanism of their action have been mentioned. The method of double network formation, which is useful for the improvement in properties, is also described. The different methods for characterization of networks and different methods for estimating crosslink densities are also explained.

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“…Study by Philpott10 reveals that sulfur‐containing nucleophiles like thiourea (TU) enables such accelerators to become active even at lower temperatures. Different thiourea derivatives such as dithiobiurets and phenyl‐substituted amidinothioureas can act as secondary accelerators based on their nucleophilic reaction mechanism 11–146, 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐benzoyl‐N′N′‐disubstituted thioureas—A new binary accelerator system and its effect of nucleophilicity in sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

Reshmy

Thomas

Sulekha

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of several new binary accelerator systems were studied with special emphasis to the relationship of nucleophilicity to their rheological and mechanical properties. In this study, dialkyl/azacycloalkyl substituted benzoylthioureas (BTU 1-5) were used as secondary accelerators (SA) along with three different primary accelerators (PA) viz., Cyclohexylbenzthiazylsulfonamide (CBS), Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) or Zincdithiocarbamate(ZDC) in the sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber. The effect of these secondary accelerators on the rheological and mechanical properties was found to be improved when compared to the reference mixes. It is noted that the N-benzoyl-N 0 N 0 -piperidinylthiourea (BTU 4) is more effective as a secondary accelerator due to the higher nucleophilicity of the same when compared with the test compounds. The ZDC-BTU gives the best result as binary accelerator system in natural rubber. Chemical characterization was carried out by determining the total crosslink density. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124: [978][979][980][981][982][983][984] 2012

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Amidinothiourea as a secondary accelerator in a binary system for the sulphur vulcanization of natural rubber

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Studies on novel binary accelerator system in sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

Studies on novel binary accelerator system in sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

Recent Developments in Crosslinking of Elastomers

N‐benzoyl‐N′N′‐disubstituted thioureas—A new binary accelerator system and its effect of nucleophilicity in sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

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