Amino Acid and Peptide‐Based Antiviral Agents

Skwarecki, Andrzej Stanisław; Nowak, Michał; Milewska, Maria J.

doi:10.1002/cmdc.202100397

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The mechanisms of action of Pardaxin (1-22), MSI-78 (4-20), DMPC (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and Cecropin B (1-21), very promising AMPs against the most threatening MDR nosocomial bacterial pathogens, have been investigated recently [46]. The study showed that the first two peptides are the most active against the bacteria tested; they act mainly through the membrane damage and destruction.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of note, their possible antiviral activity has given a great impulse to the research during the recent pandemic of COVID-19. In fact, peptides can act against viruses [ 15 ] either by inhibiting their attachment to the cell membrane or by destroying the virus capsule or by inhibiting replication [ 16 ]. In relation to coronaviruses, the nasal route has recently been suggested as a useful administration route of antiviral peptides [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lights and Shadows on the Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Peptides

Bellotti

Remelli

2022

Molecules

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The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant infections is still a major concern for public health worldwide. The number of pathogenic microorganisms capable of resisting common therapeutic treatments are constantly increasing, highlighting the need of innovative and more effective drugs. This phenomenon is strictly connected to the rapid metabolism of microorganisms: due to the huge number of mutations that can occur in a relatively short time, a colony can “adapt” to the pharmacological treatment with the evolution of new resistant species. However, the shortage of available antimicrobial drugs in clinical use is also caused by the high costs involved in developing and marketing new drugs without an adequate guarantee of an economic return; therefore, the pharmaceutical companies have reduced their investments in this area. The use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represents a promising strategy for the design of new therapeutic agents. AMPs act as immune defense mediators of the host organism and show a poor ability to induce antimicrobial resistance, coupled with other advantages such as a broad spectrum of activity, not excessive synthetic costs and low toxicity of both the peptide itself and its own metabolites. It is also important to underline that many antimicrobial peptides, due to their inclination to attack cell membranes, have additional biological activities, such as, for example, as anti-cancer drugs. Unfortunately, they usually undergo rapid degradation by proteolytic enzymes and are characterized by poor bioavailability, preventing their extensive clinical use and landing on the pharmaceutical market. This review is focused on the strength and weak points of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents. We give an overview on the AMPs already employed in clinical practice, which are examples of successful strategies aimed at overcoming the main drawbacks of peptide-based drugs. The review deepens the most promising strategies to design modified antimicrobial peptides with higher proteolytic stability with the purpose of giving a comprehensive summary of the commonly employed approaches to evaluate and optimize the peptide potentialities.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lights and Shadows on the Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Peptides

Bellotti

Remelli

2022

Molecules

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“…Amino acids and their derivates have been extensively considered for antiviral applications in the past years. [15][16][17] Among the essential amino acids, L-lysine in its monomeric form has shown antiviral activity in several in vitro and in vivo experiments. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] However, the mechanisms governing the efficacy of L-lysine are unknown and few studies aimed at unravelling the interaction with viruses have been published to date.…”

Section: L-lysine As Antiviral Amino Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking viral infections with lysine-based polymeric nanostructures: a critical review

2022

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“…A significant number of antiviral agents used in clinical practice are amino acids, short peptides, or peptidomimetics, and among them are several HIV protease inhibitors (e.g., lopinavir, atazanavir) [19], HCV protease inhibitors (e.g., grazoprevir, glecaprevir) [20], and HCV NS5A protein inhibitors (e.g., daclatasvir, pibrentasvir) [21]. Recently, Skwarecki et al [22] reviewed the synthesis of these antiviral agents with particular attention to the synthetic aspects of non-proteinogenic amino acid components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances on Greener Asymmetric Synthesis of Antiviral Drugs via Organocatalysis

2021

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Viral infections cause many severe human diseases, being responsible for remarkably high mortality rates. In this sense, both the academy and the pharmaceutical industry are continuously searching for new compounds with antiviral activity, and in addition, face the challenge of developing greener and more efficient methods to synthesize these compounds. This becomes even more important with drugs possessing stereogenic centers as highly enantioselective processes are required. In this minireview, the advances achieved to improve synthetic routes efficiency and sustainability of important commercially antiviral chiral drugs are discussed, highlighting the use of organocatalytic methods.

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Amino Acid and Peptide‐Based Antiviral Agents

Cited by 24 publications

References 106 publications

Lights and Shadows on the Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Peptides

Lights and Shadows on the Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Peptides

Blocking viral infections with lysine-based polymeric nanostructures: a critical review

Advances on Greener Asymmetric Synthesis of Antiviral Drugs via Organocatalysis

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