Blocking viral infections with lysine-based polymeric nanostructures: a critical review

Stagi, Luigi; Forni, Davide de; Innocenzi, Plinio

doi:10.1039/d2bm00030j

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…32, 33 Its potential as an antiviral therapy has shown promising results showing that L-Lys, alone or in the form of a polycationic nanopolymer, is an effective antiviral against a variety of viruses. 33 Protease inhibitors are also potent antiviral drugs and as a result of the screening assay for commercially available amino acids, researchers have designed and synthesized several potent protease inhibitors derived from L-Lys, also yielding promising results. 34 The varicella-zoster virus, also from the herpesvirus family, causes another type of corneal disease known as zoster stromal keratitis.…”

Section: No Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-lysine as a Possible Supplement for Treatment of Herpetic Epithelial Keratitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pedrazini,

da Silva,

Odone

et al. 2024

J Explor Res Pharmacol

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Herpetic Epithelial Keratitis is characterized by a corneal dendritic lesion, and prolonged or recurrent medication such as acyclovir, raises the possibility of resistant strains, necessitating the search for new therapies. An 84-year-old woman, phototype III, reported severe discomfort in the left eye. The presence of a dendritic ulcer was confirmed. Acyclovir therapy (oral-1.6 g/ day and topical-seven days) was initiated and replaced by famciclovir (oral-1.5 g/day-seven days; topical acyclovir discontinued). Every three months, a new recurrence occurred. Famciclovir treatment (seven days) was subsequently supplemented with L-lysine (3 g-loading dose + 500 mg/day per 30 days) with L-arginine intake control. After amino acid supplementation, the clinical signs of the active lesion were reduced compared to previous treatment. Furthermore, a longer interval between recurrences was observed until they ultimately stopped. The patient is controlling L-arginine intake. When necessary, L-lysine supplementation is associated. Additional investigation is needed on the proposed supplementary therapy for Herpetic Epithelial Keratitis, which could help reduce side effects and resistance to antiviral drugs. However, as documented in this case report, amino acid supplementation can be recommended for controlling herpesvirus infection with no risk of adverse effects

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Section: No Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-lysine as a Possible Supplement for Treatment of Herpetic Epithelial Keratitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pedrazini,

da Silva,

Odone

et al. 2024

J Explor Res Pharmacol

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“…One of the possible strategies for their application is to inhibit the replication of viruses. Polylysines were primarily assessed for anti-virus usability [ 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ]. Since the 1970s, researchers have analyzed PLL influence on different viruses, like infectious ribonucleic acids (IRNA) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses, observing that these viruses formed noninfectious complexes with poly-L-lysine [ 108 ].…”

Section: Anti-viral Surfaces and Coatings And Their Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1970s, researchers have analyzed PLL influence on different viruses, like infectious ribonucleic acids (IRNA) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses, observing that these viruses formed noninfectious complexes with poly-L-lysine [ 108 ]. Thus, the polylysine function can be assigned by preventing or limiting viruses’ entry into the cells [ 110 ]. Some research was performed on poly-L-lysine’s influence on the replication of viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenza A virus, Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV).…”

Section: Anti-viral Surfaces and Coatings And Their Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Viral Surfaces in the Fight against the Spread of Coronaviruses

Kwiatkowska

Granicka

2023

Membranes

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This review is conducted against the background of nanotechnology, which provides us with a chance to effectively combat the spread of coronaviruses, and which primarily concerns polyelectrolytes and their usability for obtaining protective function against viruses and as carriers for anti-viral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and, in particular, direct anti-viral activity. This review covers nanomembranes in the form of nano-coatings or nanoparticles built of natural or synthetic polyelectrolytes––either alone or else as nanocomposites for creating an interface with viruses. There are not a wide variety of polyelectrolytes with direct activity against SARS-CoV-2, but materials that are effective in virucidal evaluations against HIV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV are taken into account as potentially active against SARS-CoV-2. Developing new approaches to materials as interfaces with viruses will continue to be relevant in the future.

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“…However, the stepwise synthesis method is expensive and the product produced has limited solubility and high toxicity properties. HBPL is a highly cationic polymer prepared via the one-step polymerization method with a high yield, which can increase the OM permeability results [ 18 ]. Thus, it can be used as an antibiotic adjuvant for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbranched Polylysine Exhibits a Collaborative Enhancement of the Antibiotic Capacity to Kill Gram-Negative Pathogens

Gong,

Peng,

Qiao

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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In recent years, traditional antibiotic efficacy outcomes have rapidly diminished due to the advent of drug resistance, and the dose limitation value has increased due to the severe side effect of globalized healthcare. Therefore, novel strategies are required to resensitize resistant pathogens to antibiotics existing in the field and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. In this study, cationic hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL-6) was synthesized using the one-pot polymerization method. HBPL-6 exhibited excellent non-cytotoxicity and bio-solubility properties. The present study also showed that HBPL-6 altered the outer membrane (OM) integrity of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by improving their permeability levels. When administered at a safe dosage, HBPL-6 enhanced the accumulation of rifampicin (RIF) and erythromycin (ERY) in bacteria to restore the efficacy of the antibiotics used. Moreover, the combination of HBPL-6 with colistin (COL) reduced the antibiotic dosage, which was helpful in preventing further drug-resistance outcomes. Therefore, this research provides a new strategy for reducing the dosage of drugs used to combat Gram-negative (G−) bacteria through their synergistic effects.

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Blocking viral infections with lysine-based polymeric nanostructures: a critical review

Abstract: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has accelerated the search for innovative antivirals with possibly broad-spectrum efficacy. One of the possible strategies is to inhibit...

Cited by 9 publications

References 84 publications

L-lysine as a Possible Supplement for Treatment of Herpetic Epithelial Keratitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

L-lysine as a Possible Supplement for Treatment of Herpetic Epithelial Keratitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Anti-Viral Surfaces in the Fight against the Spread of Coronaviruses

Hyperbranched Polylysine Exhibits a Collaborative Enhancement of the Antibiotic Capacity to Kill Gram-Negative Pathogens

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