Amino-Acid Composition of Total Protein of Cotton

Wakelyn, Phillip J.

doi:10.1177/004051757504500511

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Tripp and co-workers attributed most of this to protein. In addition to measuring the protein amino acids in the cotton fiber and primary wall, Wakelyn discovered free amino acids in cotton fiber and in primary wall preparations [50]. We have also detected nitrogenous compounds in methanol extracts of raw cotton lint [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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The chemical compositions of four cottons from a 1982 washed cotton study conducted by the Industry/Government/Union Task Force for Byssinosis Prevention were established by proximate and elemental analyses. The four cotton samples were an unwashed control grown in Mississippi and the corresponding washed, bleached, and scoured/bleached processed cottons. The proximate analyses consisted of serial solvent extractions that furnished data on moisture, water extractables, ethanol extractables, ethanolamine extractables, cellulose, and insoluble residue. Ash production was also measured for the four cotton lint samples. Elemental analyses were performed by x-ray fluorescence for potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen. The analyses demonstrate that the water wash and the scouring procedure are responsible for substantially increasing the purity of the cotton fiber. The level of water extractables was reduced by the water washing process, while the level of ethanolamine extractables was reduced by the scouring process. The washed cotton sample contained much smaller amounts of potassium and magnesium compounds than the unwashed control. Ash was reduced to approximately the same level by each of the washing processes.The nitrogen and calcium contents dropped steadily with increasing severity of processing conditions. The changes in chemical composition of cotton lint on processing are related to the layered structured of the cotton fiber. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, have determined the effects that dusts from these cottons have on pulmonary function in a group of human volunteers through measurements of the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) on exposure to dust generated by carding the cotton samples. All three processed cottons were considerably less active than the unwashed control. Many of the chemical composition parameters showed a marked decrease with water washing alone.In 1973, Merchant and co-workers reported a series oaf experiments demonstrating that thorough washing of cotton prior to carding in a textile mill completely eliminated the biological activity of card dust in a human panel [30]. They also found that carding washed cotton generated a lower fine dust concentration (0.16 mg/m3) than carding raw cotton (0.89 Mg/M3), but the washed cotton was difficult to process in the mill. Since that time, human challenge experiments with dust from a variety of washed and raw cottons have shown that washing cotton prior to carding substantially reduces its ability to cause lung function decrements [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 31, 34, 39], while processing experiments have corroborated the work of Merchant et al. in decreased dust production by washed cotton [5, 23, 26, 27, 36, , 37, 39, 45]. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, Clemson, South Carolina and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, have conducted several washed c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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“…Weight loss values obtained in these acid protease scouring are comparable to acid pectinase (0.31-4.0%), alkaline pectinase (1.5-3.8%) scouring as reported in the literature (Calafell & Garriga, 2004;Sahin & Gursoy, 2005;Traore & Diller, 2000). However, the weight loss values obtained in the protease scouring is much higher than the protein residues normally present in the unscoured samples (Wakelyn, 1975) that also suggest removal of other impurities like protopectin and waxy substances attached to the protein.…”

Section: Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Fermentation was carried out, separately for both the sources, in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer's flask by transferring 10 mL of inoculum into 90 mL of fermentation medium and incubating at 37°C under shaking conditions. Samples were collected for 120 h at an interval of 12 h from both the cultures, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min and the supernatant was used as enzyme source (Dahot, 1993;Wakelyn, 1975).…”

Section: Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the noncellulosic impurities are located in the cuticles on the fibre surfaces, including proteins. Proteins that occur (about 1.3%) in the lumen and primary wall of the cotton fibre are the residual dead protoplasm from biosynthesis (Wakelyn, 1975). Scouring of cotton fabrics aims to remove all the non-cellulosic impurities using alkali at high temperatures or removal of pectins, impurities associated with pectins like proteins, wax and hemicelluloses using pectinase enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acidic bacterial proteases fromBacillusspecies as an alternative agent for scouring of cotton fabrics

Sreelakshmi¹,

Vasanthi²,

Saravanan³

2013

Journal of The Textile Institute

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Protease production by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cerus sources follows similar profiles with marginal differences in activity levels (690, 648 U/mL/min, respectively). Optimum pH values of proteases were closer to the neutral at 60°C. Lower scouring efficiency was observed in proteases produced by B. cerus compared to that of B. licheniformis, in terms of weight loss (4.0 and 3.34%), drop absorbency (1.59 and 3.28 s), extractable impurities (2.03 and 2.82%) and Ruthenium red binding (35 and 43%). Reduction in the tear strength was observed in protease-scoured samples compared to the alkali-scoured samples. FTIR results showed the elimination of nitrogen-containing compounds related to proteins, while the peaks related to wax, pectin were present in the scoured cotton samples.

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