Amino acid requirements of Streptococcus mutans and other oral streptococci

Terleckyj, B; Shockman, Gérald D.

doi:10.1128/iai.11.4.656-664.1975

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…, 2000), were also identified as upregulated at pH 5. Glutamate serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other amino acids and proteins and has been found to be a required nutrient in both S. mutans and S. sobrinus (Terleckyj & Shockman, 1975). Moreover, glutamate has been shown to play a role in the ATR of E. coli and Lactococcus lactis (Sanders et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Streptococcus sobrinus acid-stress response by interspecies microarrays and proteomics

Martinez¹,

Abranches²,

Kajfasz³

et al. 2010

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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SUMMARY Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are considered the primary organisms responsible for human dental caries. The ability to generate acids and to adapt to low pH conditions is directly associated with the cariogenic potential of these bacteria. To survive acidic conditions, both species have been shown to mount an acid tolerance response (ATR). However, previous characterization of the S. sobrinus ATR identified critical differences in the mechanisms of acid adaptation between S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Here, interspecies microarray and proteomic approaches were used to identify novel, previously unrecognized genes and pathways that participate in the S. sobrinus acid stress response. The results revealed that, among other things, metabolic alterations that enhance energy generation and upregulation of the malolactic fermentation enzyme activity constitute important acid resistance properties in S. sobrinus. Some of these acid adaptive traits are shared by S. mutans and might be considered optimal targets for therapeutic treatments designed to control dental caries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Streptococcus sobrinus acid-stress response by interspecies microarrays and proteomics

Martinez¹,

Abranches²,

Kajfasz³

et al. 2010

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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“…S. mutans wild-type strain UA159 and its derivatives ( Table 1 ) were grown in either brain heart infusion (BHI - Difco), FMC (Terleckyj et al ., 1975; Terleckyj and Shockman, 1975) or CDM (Chang et al ., 2011) medium. The medium was supplemented with 10 μg ml −1 erythromycin, 1 mg ml −1 of kanamycin or 1 mg ml −1 spectinomycin when needed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competence Inhibition by the XrpA Peptide Encoded Within thecomXGene ofStreptococcus mutans

Kaspar

Shields

Burne

2018

Preprint

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20Streptococcus mutans displays complex regulation of natural genetic competence. 21Competence development in S. mutans is controlled by a peptide derived from ComS (XIP); 22 which along with the cytosolic regulator ComR controls the expression of the alternative sigma 23 factor comX, the master regulator of competence development. Recently, a gene embedded 24 within the coding region of comX was discovered and designated xrpA (comX regulatory peptide 25 A). XrpA was found to be an antagonist of ComX, but the mechanism was not established. In 26this study, we reveal through both genomic and proteomic techniques that XrpA is the first 27 describe negative regulator of ComRS systems in streptococci. Transcriptomic and promoter 28 activity assays in the Δ xrpA strain revealed an up-regulation of genes controlled by both the 29 ComR-and ComX-regulons. An in vivo protein crosslinking and in vitro fluorescent polarization 30 assays confirmed that the N-terminal region of XrpA were found to be sufficient in inhibiting 31 ComR-XIP complex binding to ECom-box located within the comX promoter. This inhibitory 32 activity was sufficient for decreases in PcomX activity, transformability and ComX accumulation.33 XrpA serving as a modulator of ComRS activity ultimately results in changes to subpopulation 34 behaviors and cell fate during competence activation. 35 ABBREVIATED SUMMARY 36Streptococcus mutans displays complex regulation of natural genetic competence, 37 highlighted by a novel gene, xrpA, embedded within the coding region for the master regulator 38 ComX. We show that XrpA modulates ComRS-dependent activation of comX expression, 39 resulting in changes to sub-population behaviors, including cell lysis. XrpA is the first described 40 inhibitor of a ComRS system and, because it is unique to S. mutans it may be targetable to 41 prevent diseases caused by this pathogen.65 groups utilize an extracellular signaling system composed of a signaling peptide termed CSP 66 (competence stimulating peptide) and a two-component signal transduction system encoded by 67 comDE. In contrast, the Bovis, Salivarius and Pyogenic streptococci employ an intercellular from the ComS precursor, and a cytosolic Rgg-like regulator designated as ComR (Håvarstein, 70 2010). While these two signal systems diverge substantially in their distribution among species 71 and how the systems perceive and transduce their signals, stimulation of either pathway with 72 the cognate peptide results in the activation of transcription of an alternative sigma factor 73 termed ComX or SigX. ComX controls the transition into the competent state by activating the 74 expression of a regulon encoding gene products necessary for DNA uptake and processing. 75 The Mutans group of streptococci, including the human caries pathogen S. mutans, are 76 unique in that most strains encode an apparently functional ComCDE as well as ComRS 77 pathways. Further, either signal peptide (CSP or XIP) can trigger up-regulation of comX, 78 although different conditions, including pH, re...

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“…S. mutans wild-type strain UA159 and its derivatives (Table 1) were grown in either brain heart infusion (BHI) (Difco) or FMC medium (48) that was supplemented with 10 µg ml −1 erythromycin and 1 mg ml −1 of kanamycin or spectinomycin, as needed. Unless otherwise noted, cultures were grown overnight in BHI medium with the indicated antibiotics, if needed, at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 , aerobic atmosphere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercellular Communication via thecomX-Inducing Peptide (XIP) ofStreptococcus Mutans

Kaspar

Underhill

Shields

et al. 2017

Preprint

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21Gram-positive bacteria utilize exported peptides to coordinate genetic and physiological 41. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/148320 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jun. 9, 2017; IMPORTANCE 42The comX-inducing peptide (XIP) of Streptococcus mutans is a key regulatory element 49The results have important implications in the context of the ecology, virulence and evolution of 50 a ubiquitous human pathogen and related organisms.

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Amino acid requirements of Streptococcus mutans and other oral streptococci

Cited by 88 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of the Streptococcus sobrinus acid-stress response by interspecies microarrays and proteomics

Characterization of the Streptococcus sobrinus acid-stress response by interspecies microarrays and proteomics

Competence Inhibition by the XrpA Peptide Encoded Within thecomXGene ofStreptococcus mutans

Intercellular Communication via thecomX-Inducing Peptide (XIP) ofStreptococcus Mutans

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