Aminomethylphosphonic acid has low chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas

Abstract

Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the simplest member of a class of compounds known as aminomethylenephosphonates and the only environmental metabolite measured in significant amounts during the degradation of the herbicide glyphosate in soil. However, there are additional sources of AMPA in the environment, originating from organic phosphonates which are used in water treatment to inhibit scale formation and corrosion. Like glyphosate, AMPA has low acute toxicity to aquatic animals, and the noobserved-adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) obtained from a fish full-life cycle study for glyphosate was determined to be 26 mg/L. However, the chronic toxicity of AMPA to aquatic animals has not been evaluated before. The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential for chronic toxicity of AMPA to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia magna. Chronic toxicity to P. promelas was evaluated in a fish early-life stage study. The primary endpoints were larval survival, growth, and development. The NOAEC for P. promelas was determined to be 12 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. The chronic toxicity to D. magna was evaluated in a Daphnia reproduction test. The primary endpoints were survival, growth, and reproduction. The no-observed-effect concentration for D. magna was determined to be 15 mg/L. Conservatively predicted environmental surface water concentrations for AMPA from typical foliar agricultural application rates and values from surface water monitoring programs are 100 to 1000 times less than the NOAEC values from both studies. Consequently, there is a large and highly protective margin of safety between realistic environmental exposures to AMPA and chronic toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates.

Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid chronic risk assessment for soil biota

“…In water, AMPA is highly soluble (56 g/L at 20 8C), whereas neither glyphosate nor AMPA is significantly soluble in common organic solvents [6,7]. Therefore, no cosolvent was required, and both stock solutions of glyphosate and AMPA test items were prepared in deionized water (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)…”

“…)/kg sucrose solution [10]. The chronic risk assessment for fish and aquatic invertebrates has also been recently addressed for AMPA [11].…”

Glyphosate, but not its metabolite AMPA, alters the honeybee gut microbiota

“…Glyphosate can also affect the honeybee navigation by increasing the time and path of homeward flight [24]. Nothing is known concerning AMPA, whose toxicity was shown to be low on another arthropod, the crustacean Daphnia magna [4].…”

Is Glyphosate Really Hazardous for Human Health?

“…3). There are many reviews about the toxicity and fate of glyphosate and its major metabolite, AMPA (Parrot et al, 1995;Mañas et al, 2009;Daouk et al, 2013;Levine et al, 2015). However, there is lack of reviews on biodegradation and bioremediation of glyphosate (Zhan et al, 2018).…”