Ammonia Analyzer for Disease Diagnosis Applications

Balaji, P; Kishore, Kampara Roopa; Pandeeswari, R.; Jeyaprakash, B.G.; Balamurugan, Darshini

doi:10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00156.7

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…They obtained the sensor response in terms of voltage changes proportional to changes in ammonia concentration in breath signal. They fixed threshold value as greater than 350 mV and if the voltage exceeds the threshold value, the presence of ammonia level in the breath was displayed in the mobile phone [33]. Mardikar performed the detection of ammonia in exhaled breath using a semiconductor based gas sensor for the diagnosis of renal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of portable prototype for human breath analysis: a comparative study between haemodialysis patients and healthy subjects

Snekhalatha¹,

Nasimsha²,

Kumar³

et al. 2019

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Certain diseases and clinical conditions alter the exhaled breath gas components. Ammonia was identified as a biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the laboratory analytical techniques. Although these techniques were accurate, lack of portability, time consumption and affordablity for the masses were the primary concern for the medical fraternity. To overcome these issues, a portable prototype was developed for the analysis of breath samples from patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim and objectives of the study was as follows: (i) to detect ammonia in human breath sample using the commercial gas sensor (MQ135); (ii) to acquire breath patterns using NI-myDAQ for preprocessing and extraction of ten transient and steady state features; (iii) To classify the normal and abnormal breath signal using different neural network classifiers (Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes, and Multi-layer perceptron). Twenty-one subjects undergoing hemodialysis and 17 healthy subjects were included in the study. The obtained breath patterns revelaed that voltage flag runs between 0.6-0.9 V for a healthy individual, and 1.8-2.65 V for CKD patients. The variations in magnitude voltage were high for CKD subjects compared to healthy subjects. Among the obtained transient and steady-state features, normalized voltage change (ΔV m ) showed a greater % difference between healthy and CKD patients undergoing haemodialysis. The multilayer perceptron achieved a better classification accuracy of 76.31% compared to SVM (60.52%) and naive bayes classifier (55.2%). Hence the developed prototype was simple in operation and cost effective, provides an affordable and act as complimentary diagnostic tool for CKD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of portable prototype for human breath analysis: a comparative study between haemodialysis patients and healthy subjects

Snekhalatha¹,

Nasimsha²,

Kumar³

et al. 2019

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These methods have disadvantages of a requirement for experienced operators, are invasive, time‐consuming, and expensive. [7b,8] . Breath analysis is a promising approach for the non‐invasive diagnosis of several diseases [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Fluoride Doped Polypyrrole for Portable and Enhanced Ammonia Sensing at Room Temperature

2021

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Point-of-care (POC) monitoring of breath ammonia has emerged as a great approach for non-invasive chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis. Polypyrrole (PPy) is recognized as a suitable polymer material for breath ammonia sensing. Here we describe the copper fluoride (CuF 2 ) doping effect on sensing performance of the ammonia gas sensor based on PPy. At first, PPy was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques. The CuF 2 was doped to the polymer by an aqueous ion exchange process. A portable sensing system was developed for portable ammonia detection by measuring the resistance variation of the fabricated electrode from synthesized materials. The gas-sensing results disclose that the CuF 2 -PPy based sensor displays the highest response to 2 ppm NH 3 , which is 3 times higher than that of the pure PPy sensor. The low limit of detection (LOD) value for pure PPy was found to be 0.19 ppm, which has been decreased to 0.02 ppm for CuF2 doped PPy. The CuF 2 -PPy resistive sensor exhibits a sustainable, selective, and stable sensing response to ammonia even in the presence of 60 % humidity. Moreover, the fabricated setup is low-cost, user-friendly, and suitable enough to be used at the point of care and CKD diagnosis applications.

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