Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from slurry storage - A review

Küpper, Thomas; Häni, Christoph; Neftel, A.; Kincaid, C. R.; Bühler, Marcel; Amon, Barbara; VanderZaag, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.106963

Cited by 155 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…As might be expected due to the low sample size, there was no significant difference in emissions between the day before and the day of cleaning (n = 5 unpaired t of −0.09, critical t for two-tailed α = 0.05 of 2.57) or between the day of and the day after cleaning (n = 4, unpaired t of −0.15, critical t for two-tailed α = 0.05 of 2.78). The lack of influence of manure removal on NH 3 emissions was consistent with prior studies [32].…”

Section: Influence Of Operational Activitiessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These emissions are comparable to reported cattle slurry emissions [5]. These values are similar to the baseline emissions extracted from a large number of cattle and dairy studies of lagoon emissions (33 g m −2 s −1 ) but less than that for the noncrusted slurry (53 µg m −2 s −1 ) [32]. Representativeness of the measurements in estimating the mean annual daily emissions were assessed by comparing the total unclassified mean daily emissions to the mean seasonally classified daily emissions (Table 3).…”

Section: Seasonal and Annual Emissionssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Although the summer mean daily emissions were significantly different (Student' t-test, α = 0.05) between the 59 µg m −2 s −1 at the WI basins and 38 µg m −2 s −1 at the IN lagoon (Table 3), the relatively few daily measurements (seven) at the WI basins suggest that this difference was not based on a representative sample (Table 2). However, the WI emissions during the summer were similar to baseline emissions extracted from a large number of cattle and dairy studies of noncrusted slurry emissions (53 g m −2 s −1 ) [32]. The mean summer emissions at the IN lagoon (well-represented by the 59 days of measurements) were lower than those measured over a summer at a free-stall dairy lagoon in Alberta, Canada (59 µg m −2 s −1 ) [35].…”

Section: Seasonal and Annual Emissionssupporting

confidence: 66%

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Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Grant

Boehm

2020

Atmosphere

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Dairies contribute a major portion of agricultural ammonia emissions in the United States. Emissions were monitored over two years from an anaerobic lagoon receiving manure from cows in the milking parlor and holding area in Indiana (IN), USA and a storage basin receiving manure from cows in barns as well as the milking parlor and holding area in Wisconsin (WI), USA. Emissions were monitored using open-path tunable diode lasers, sonic anemometers, and two emission models. The mean annual daily emissions at the WI storage basins (30 µg m−2 s−1) was nearly equal to that at the IN lagoon (27 µg m−2 s−1). The mean annual daily ammonia (NH3) emissions on a per animal basis were greater at the WI basins (33 g NH3 hd−1 d−1; 26 g NH3 AU−1 d−1) (hd = animal; AU = 500 kg animal mass) than at the IN lagoon (9 g NH3 hd−1 d−1; 7 g NH3 AU−1 d−1). Emissions from both storage systems were highest in the summer, lowest in the winter, and similar during the spring and fall. Emissions were strongly correlated with air temperature and weakly correlated with wind conditions. Greater emissions at the WI basins appeared to be related primarily to the characteristics of the stored manure.

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Section: Influence Of Operational Activitiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Seasonal and Annual Emissionssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Seasonal and Annual Emissionssupporting

confidence: 66%

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Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Grant

Boehm

2020

Atmosphere

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“…Table 1 presents average liquid manure characteristics from a review by Kupper et al (2020) who used studies conducted primarily in North America and Europe (>60% from United States, Canada, Italy, and Denmark). In liquid manure, the DM is between 1.7 and 9.0% depending on age and management practice (Kupper et al, 2020). Approximately 75% of the DM is volatile solids (VS), the pH is between 7 and 8, and total nitrogen is between 1 and 4 g kg −1 (Kupper et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Liquid Manure Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding methane emission from stored animal manure: A review to guide model development

et al. 2021

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National inventories of methane (CH 4 ) emission from manure management are based on guidelines from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change using countryspecific emission factors. These calculations must be simple and, consequently, the effects of management practices and environmental conditions are only crudely represented in the calculations. The intention of this review is to develop a detailed understanding necessary for developing accurate models for calculating CH 4 emission from liquid manure, with particular focus on the microbiological conversion of organic matter to CH 4 . Themes discussed are (a) the liquid manure environment; (b) methane production processes from a modeling perspective; (c) development and adaptation of methanogenic communities; (d) mass and electron conservation; (e) steps limiting CH 4 production; (f) inhibition of methanogens; (g) temperature effects on CH 4 production; and (h) limits of existing estimation approaches. We conclude that a model must include calculation of microbial response to variations in manure temperature, substrate availability and age, and management system, because these variables substantially affect CH 4 production. Methane production can be reduced by manipulating key variables through management procedures, and the effects may be taken into account by including a microbial component in the model. When developing new calculation procedures, it is important to include reasonably accurate algorithms of microbial adaptation. This review presents concepts for these calculations and ideas for how these may be carried out. A need for better quantification of hydrolysis kinetics is identified, and the importance of short-and long-term microbial adaptation is highlighted.

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“…In the BCs treatments, N 2 O emissions were probably not the main factor influencing the NO 3 − -N concentration in digestate. The NO 3 − -N concentration was higher in acidified BCs than in untreated BCs, even though a longer-lasting acidified BCs cover and slightly lower digestate pH should promote denitrifying bacteria activity [76,78,79]. It is possible that NO 3 − -N was adsorbed by acid-treated BC, and its degradation by microorganisms became more difficult.…”

Section: Effect Of Conditioner Treatments On N Concentration In Digestatementioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Untreated and Acidified Biochar on NH3-N Emissions from Slurry Digestate

et al. 2021

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The development of new options to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions during slurry manure storage is still required due to the shortcomings of the current technologies. This study aimed to identify to what extent untreated and acid-treated biochar (BC) and pure acids could reduce ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) volatilization and increase nitrogen retention in slurry digestate. The NH3-N emissions were effectively reduced by H2SO4 and H3PO4 acids, untreated BC when applied mixed into the digestate and acidified BC treatments applied on the surface of the digestate. Acidification increased the specific surface area and number of O-containing surface functional groups of the BC and decreased the pH, alkalinity and the hydrophobic property. Compared to untreated BC, the ability of BC to reduce NH3-N emissions was greater when it was acidified with H2SO4 and applied to the digestate surface. The effect on digestate pH of acidified BC when applied mixed into the digestate was not different, except for H2O2, from that of the addition of the respective pure acid to digestate. The total N concentration in digestate was not significantly correlated with NH3-N emissions. These findings indicate that acidified BC could be an effective conditioner to reduce NH3-N emissions from slurry digestate storage.

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Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from slurry storage - A review

Cited by 155 publications

References 84 publications

Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Understanding methane emission from stored animal manure: A review to guide model development

The Effect of Untreated and Acidified Biochar on NH3-N Emissions from Slurry Digestate

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