Ammonia Excretion by Fingerling Walleyes Fed Two Formulated Diets

Forsberg, James A.; Summerfelt, Robert C.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0045:aebfwf>2.3.co;2

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Two 125 mL samples of tank water were collected and pooled together and then three sub‐samples were analysed for TAN concentration using the automated phenate method (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association & Water Environment Federation 1995). Ammonia excretion was calculated by stopping tank inflow for 1 h and measuring the resulting decrease in tank AE (Forsberg & Summerfelt 1992b). On the day AE was analysed, samples of tank water at the start (and the end) of stopping inflow were collected at 09:30 (10:30) hours, 13:30 (14:30) hours, 17:30 (18:30) hours, 21:30 (22:30) hours and next day 09:30 (10:30) hours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature, stocking density and fish size on the ammonia excretion in palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops)

Liu

Yang²,

Chen

2009

Aquaculture Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three temperature levels (18, 23 and 28 1C), three stocking density levels (0.72, 1.42 and 2.84 kg m À 3 ) and two sizes of groups (averaging 104 and 173 g respectively) were used to conduct experiments on the e¡ect of temperature, stocking density and ¢sh size on the ammonia excretion (AE) of palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis Â M. chrysops). The AE increased with the increase in temperatures by a signi¢cant degree (Po0.05) among di¡erent temperature groups. There appeared to be a tendency towards increase of the AE with increased stocking densities, and sig-ni¢cant di¡erences (Po0.05) were found among stocking groups. The AE of smaller size-group was sig-ni¢cantly higher than that of the larger size-group. Diurnal variation of AE in palmetto bass showed that the AE rose greatly to reach a peak at about 4 h after feeding, and to the lowest values at about 24 h post feeding in all of the experimental groups.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature, stocking density and fish size on the ammonia excretion in palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops)

Liu

Yang²,

Chen

2009

Aquaculture Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hourly ammonia excretion (HER) and daily ammonia production (DP) were calculated according to Forsberg and Summerfelt (1992b), as follows: The HER data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with StatView software (version 5.0.1; SAS Institute, Inc., 1992-1998) considering fish size (2.7-and 3.6-g unit size), fish lot, temperature, and time order during 24 h. When significant differences among treatment means were found (P Ͻ 0.05), the treatment means were com- Means are for pooled data from four trials involving both 2.6-and 3.6-g fish. Vertical lines are standard deviations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Size on Ammonia Excretion by Fasted Golden Shiners

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas is the major species of baitfish raised and sold in the United States. They are shipped in trucks from large farms to distributors up to 2,500 km distant. The costs associated with shipping could be greatly reduced if truck loading were increased, but higher densities of fish elevate ammonia concentrations to detrimental levels. In our work, we have simulated live hauling conditions to measure the ammonia excretion rates of golden shiners at 15, 20, and 25°C. The experiments were conducted for 24 h in three recirculating systems after fingerling golden shiners were fasted and acclimated for 2 d. The experiment was repeated four times using different lots and sizes of golden shiners. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the hourly ammonia excretion rates (HER) between two lots of same‐size golden shiners. The hourly ammonia excretion rates were inversely proportional to fish weight and increased with temperature. The average HER for all sizes of fish ranged from 2.9 to 7.4 g NH3‐N/kg fish/h at 15°C, 5.2–11.2 g NH3‐N/kg fish/h at 20°C, and 6.2–15.0 g NH3‐N/kg fish/h at 25°C. The results of this study will be used to design ammonia control systems to safely increase fish density on commercial fish hauling trucks.

show abstract

“…High values of nutrient retention (GER and GPR) and digestive enzyme activity (protease and amylase) and low excretory levels of metabolites (N-NH 4 and o-PO 4 ), also support high growth, protein digestion/retention in fish fed optimal dietary protein level (40%). Increased excretion of metabolites and decreased digestive efficiency have also been shown to occur as feeding rations approach satiation (Brett and Groves 1979) or when the fish are fed high dietary protein levels than the optimal requirements (Forsberg and Summerfelt 1992;Kalla et al 2003a). …”

Section: Carcass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an attempt to obtain information which will provide guidelines for commercial milkfish culture in inland saline groundwater, we designed the experiments reported here (both laboratory and field trials) to study the growth responses, digestibility, nutrient retention, energy assimilation and digestive enzyme activity in Chanos chanos when fed diets containing different levels of protein obtainedfrom two different protein sources-processed full fat soybean (plant) and fish meal (animal). Since the excretory rates of total ammonia and reactive phosphate production are considered to be the most important factors governing intensive fish farming (Porter et al 1987;Forsberg and Summerfelt 1992;Rosenthal et al 1993;Kibria et al 1996Kibria et al , 1998, we also examined diurnal patterns of excretory levels of total ammonia and reactive phosphate production in the holding water of C. chanos fed various levels of dietary protein. The experiments were conducted in inland saline groundwater obtained from deep aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of varying dietary protein (35-45%) and energy levels (17.34-19.44 kJ g )1 ) on the growth performance of milkfish (Chanos chanos) maintained under laboratory (experiment 1) and field conditions (Experiment 2) in inland saline groundwater. The results of experiment 1 (initial weight of fish: 0.25 g) revealed that, irrespective of the protein source (fish meal or processed full fat soybean), fish fed a diet containing 40% protein showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth in terms of live weight gain and specific growth rate, low feed conversion ratio [1.71 (fish meal) and 1.58 (soybean)], high nutrient retention (gross protein retention: 28.59 and 31.05%; gross energy retention: 24.23 and 26.04%), apparent protein digestibility (81.74 and 85.91%) and digestive enzyme activity (specific protease and amylase). An observation on the postprandial excretion of metabolites (N-NH 4 and o-PO 4 ) indicated significantly (p < 0.05) low levels of these metabolites in aquaria where the fish were fed 40% dietary protein irrespective of the protein source. The results of experiment 2 also indicate (initial weight of fish: 4.43 g) a significantly (p < 0.05) higher growth performance (weight gain, biomass, specific growth rate, growth day )1 and fish production) in ponds where the fish were fed 40% dietary protein. Irrespective of the experimental conditions (laboratory/field), feeding the fish higher dietary protein levels (beyond 40%) not only repressed growth performance but also affected proximate composition by lowering protein accumulation and energy assimilation. An investigation on the effects of feeds on water quality parameters revealedthat values for total alkalinity, NH 4 -N, NO 3 -N, turbidity, total dissolved solids and parameters indicative of productivity (chlorophyll a, net primary productivity and plankton population) increased significantly (p < 0.05) from treatments 1-3 (35-40% protein) and declined thereafter, in treatment 4 (42% dietary protein), indicating that water quality characteristics correlated well with fish growth. The results suggest that in order to obtain a high-yield in milkfish culture system the fish should be fed supplementary diets containing appropriate (40%) protein levels, especially when the stocking rates are high.

show abstract

Ammonia Excretion by Fingerling Walleyes Fed Two Formulated Diets

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of temperature, stocking density and fish size on the ammonia excretion in palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops)

Effect of temperature, stocking density and fish size on the ammonia excretion in palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops)

Effects of Temperature and Size on Ammonia Excretion by Fasted Golden Shiners

Effect of varying dietary protein levels on growth and production of Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in inland saline groundwater: laboratory and field studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About