Effect of temperature, stocking density and fish size on the ammonia excretion in palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis×M. chrysops)

Abstract

Three temperature levels (18, 23 and 28 1C), three stocking density levels (0.72, 1.42 and 2.84 kg m À 3 ) and two sizes of groups (averaging 104 and 173 g respectively) were used to conduct experiments on the e¡ect of temperature, stocking density and ¢sh size on the ammonia excretion (AE) of palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis  M. chrysops). The AE increased with the increase in temperatures by a signi¢cant degree (Po0.05) among di¡erent temperature groups. There appeared to be a tendency towards increase of the AE with increased stocking densities, and sig-ni¢cant di¡erences (Po0.05) were found among stocking groups. The AE of smaller size-group was sig-ni¢cantly higher than that of the larger size-group. Diurnal variation of AE in palmetto bass showed that the AE rose greatly to reach a peak at about 4 h after feeding, and to the lowest values at about 24 h post feeding in all of the experimental groups.

Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to digestible protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States

“…The pattern of postprandial ammonia excretion in the present experiment was consistent with previous reports for HSB (Rawles et al, 2009) and European sea bass (Ballestrazzi et al, 1998;Dosdat et al, 1996;Robiana et al, 1999). In fact, ammonia excretion by fish peaks from 2-10 h following a meal and is affected by fish size and water temperature (Cheng et al, 2005;Dosdat et al, 1996;Forsberg, 1997;Leung et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2009;Luo and Xie, 2009). The amounts of N intake excreted as ammonia following a meal in the present experiment were consistent with the ranges reported for a variety of fish tested under a range of experimental conditions (Beamish and Thomas, 1984;Cheng et al, 2005;Dosdat et al, 1996;Forsberg, 1997;Kaushik, 1980;Luo and Xie, 2009;Rawles et al, 2009;Robiana et al, 1999).…”

Ammonia nitrogen excretion in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed practical diets: the effects of water temperature

“…Generally, temperature has dramatic effect on the metabolic rate in fish, and is also related to the ammonia‐N excretion rates. Related researchers also found a significant increase in ammonia‐N excretion with temperature in Lake Inari Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) and Hybrid‐striped bass ( Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops ) (Lyytikäinen & Jobling ; Liu, Yang & Chen ). The results of the present study clearly indicated that, as the temperature increased, the ammonia‐N excretion rates for fasted fish of both species also significantly increased ( P < 0.05).…”

“…Liu et al . () found a sharp peak in Hybrid‐striped bass ( Morone saxatilis × M . chrysops ) fed once or twice a day was at 4 h after feeding.…”

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“…The increased amount of feed supplied in the last months of the study confirmed this information and corroborated the hereinrecorded results. Villarreal and Torres (2011) and Fu-Guang et al (2009) reported that 60% to 80% of the total nitrogen excreted corresponds to ammonium.…”