Ammonia Transport in a Temperate Grassland: II. Diurnal Fluctuations in Response to Weather and Management Conditions

Bussink, D.W.; Harper, Lowry A.; Corré, W.J.

doi:10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800040021x

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(33 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Total N removal was determined by the difference in the monthly average mass N load between the inlet and outlet of each wetland cell. The extrapolation of daytime hourly rates to daily rates may have overestimated NH 3 volatilization because volatilization tends to exhibit a diurnal pattern where NH 3 volatilization is lower during the night (Bussink et al, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Volatilization from Marsh–Pond–Marsh Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater

Poach¹,

Hunt²,

Reddy

et al. 2004

J of Env Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is an undesirable mechanism for the removal of nitrogen (N) from wastewater treatment wetlands. To minimize the potential for NH3 volatilization, it is important to determine how wetland design affects NH3 volatilization. The objective of this research was to determine how the presence of a pond section affects NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands treating wastewater from a confined swine operation. Wastewater was added at different N loads to six constructed wetlands of the marsh-pond-marsh design that were located in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. A large enclosure was used to measure NH3 volatilization from the marsh and pond sections of each wetland in July and August of 2001. Ammonia volatilized from marsh and pond sections at rates ranging from 5 to 102 mg NH3-N m(-2) h(-1). Pond sections exhibited a significantly greater increase in the rate of NH3 volatilization (p < 0.0001) than did either marsh section as N load increased. At N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1), NH3 volatilization accounted for 23 to 36% of the N load. Furthermore, NH3 volatilization was the dominant (54-79%) N removal mechanism at N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1). Without the pond sections, NH3 volatilization would have been a minor contributor (less than 12%) to the N balance of these wetlands. To minimize NH3 volatilization, continuous marsh systems should be preferred over marsh-pond-marsh systems for the treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Volatilization from Marsh–Pond–Marsh Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater

Poach¹,

Hunt²,

Reddy

et al. 2004

J of Env Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wichink Kruit et al (2007) observed a similarly timed increase that coincided with a decrease in leaf wetness. Furthermore, Flechard et al (1999) and Bussink et al (1996) found that water layers sorbed on leaves can store significant quantities of NH 3 even at an RH below 100 %. Although no leaf wetness sensor was employed during this study, we use nighttime RH as a surrogate for dew and fog formation.…”

Section: Morning Increase Of Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil–atmosphere exchange of ammonia in a non-fertilized grassland: measured emission potentials and inferred fluxes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A 50-day field study was carried out in a seminatural, non-fertilized grassland in south-western Ontario, Canada during the late summer and early autumn of 2012. The purpose was to explore surface-atmosphere exchange processes of ammonia (NH 3 ) with a focus on bi-directional fluxes between the soil and atmosphere. Measurements of soil pH and ammonium concentration ([NH . The soil compensation point, the atmospheric NH 3 mixing ratio below which net emission from the soil will occur, exhibited both a seasonal trend and diurnal trend. Higher daytime and August compensation points were attributed to higher soil temperature. Soil-atmosphere fluxes were estimated using NH 3 measurements from the Ambient Ion Monitor Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC) and a simple resistance model. Vegetative effects were ignored due to the short canopy height and significant soil . Inferred fluxes were, on average, 2.6 ± 4.5 ng m −2 s −1 in August (i.e. net emission) and −5.8 ± 3.0 ng m −2 s −1 in September (i.e. net deposition). These results are in good agreement with the only other bi-directional exchange study in a semi-natural, non-fertilized grassland. A Lagrangian dispersion model (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory -HYSPLIT) was used to calculate air parcel back-trajectories throughout the campaign and revealed that NH 3 mixing ratios had no directional bias throughout the campaign, unlike the other atmospheric constituents measured. This implies that soil-atmosphere exchange over a non-fertilized grassland can significantly moderate nearsurface NH 3 concentrations. In addition, we provide indirect evidence that dew and fog evaporation can cause a morning increase of [NH 3 ] g . Implications of our findings on current NH 3 bi-directional exchange modelling efforts are also discussed.

show abstract

“…Several investigations have revealed the bidirectional character of NH 3 exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere with large fluctuations on annual, seasonal and daily time scales (Sutton et al, 1995(Sutton et al, , 2007Bussink et al, 1996;Herrmann et al, 2001;Horvath et al, 2005;Walker et al, 2006). In a non-fertilized managed grassland in The Netherlands, NH 3 emission fluxes were frequent (about 50% of the time) during a warm and dry summer period, while in a wet and cool autumn period deposition fluxes dominated (80% of the time; Kruit et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical structure and diurnal variability of ammonia exchange potential within an intensively managed grass canopy

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Stomatal ammonia compensation points (χ s ) of grass species on a mixed fertilized grassland were determined by measurements of apoplastic [NH ] slightly increased at the bottom of the canopy and these concentrations were very high in senescent plant litter. Calculated χ s values were below atmospheric χ a at all canopy levels measured, indicating that the grassland was characterized by NH 3 deposition before cutting. This was confirmed by the χ a profile, showing the lowest χ a close to the ground (15 cm above soil surface) and an increase in χ a with canopy height. Neither χ s nor χ a could be measured close to the soil surface, however, the [NH

show abstract

Ammonia Transport in a Temperate Grassland: II. Diurnal Fluctuations in Response to Weather and Management Conditions

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Ammonia Volatilization from Marsh–Pond–Marsh Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater

Ammonia Volatilization from Marsh–Pond–Marsh Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater

Soil–atmosphere exchange of ammonia in a non-fertilized grassland: measured emission potentials and inferred fluxes

Vertical structure and diurnal variability of ammonia exchange potential within an intensively managed grass canopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About