Ammonia volatilization from cattle slurry following surface application to grassland

Thompson, R.B.; Pain, B. F.; Rees, Y. J.

doi:10.1007/bf00010751

Cited by 86 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Wind enhances diffusion by removing NH 3 from the applied surface, while at the same time keeping the NH 3 concentration in the air above the surface low. Brunke et al (1988), Thompson et al (1990) and found that losses increased with wind speeds of up to 2.5 m s (Fig. 3).…”

Section: A Bmentioning

confidence: 91%

Management strategies to simultaneously reduce ammonia, nitrous oxide and odour emissions from surface-applied swine manure

Smith

Bourque²,

Campbell³

2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2008. Management strategies to simultaneously reduce ammonia, nitrous oxide and odour emissions from surface-applied swine manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 571Á584. Surface-applied swine manure has the potential to generate ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and odour. Field research was conducted in Prince Edward Island to measure the simultaneous emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O and odour following the surface-application of swine manure. Manure was applied to a grain stubble field consisting of a sandy loam soil low in pH (5.6Á5.9). The effect of manure type (liquid and solid), application rate [conventional/typical rate (1)): 30 000Á36 000 L ha(1 , double (2)): 60 000Á72 000 L ha(1 and five times (5)): 180 000 L ha(1 ] and rainfall (8Á200 mm) before and after liquid manure application were examined. There was no relationship between odour emissions and manure type, application rate and rainfall before and after spreading, due to high variability. Liquid manure (dry matter (DM 045 g kg(1 ) reduced NH 3 emissions by 32% compared with solid (DM 0350 g kg (1 ). Increasing application rates enhanced NH 3 emissions; increasing the rate by 2 )and 5)the typical rate increased losses by 62 and 78%, respectively. Applying manure prior to rainfall reduced NH 3 emissions by 37%, compared with application after a rainfall. Ammonia and odour emissions were similarly correlated to atmospheric conditions with increased emissions at higher air and soil temperature, net radiation, vapour pressure deficit and windspeed. Nitrous oxide emissions were low in magnitude and showed no correlation to climatic conditions, suggesting that management strategies to reduce both odour and NH 3 did not enhance N 2 O emissions when applied to a moderately acidic soil with low levels of soil nitrate (B5 mg N kg (1 ). Our results indicate that for conditions similar to those in this study, there is no trade-off between NH 3 and N 2 O production and more attention should be placed on controlling and reducing odour and NH 3 emissions.

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Section: A Bmentioning

confidence: 91%

Management strategies to simultaneously reduce ammonia, nitrous oxide and odour emissions from surface-applied swine manure

Smith

Bourque²,

Campbell³

2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Regardless of tillage treatment, the first 8 h after slurry application is the most crucial time in terms of NH 3 -N loss. Thompson, Pain, and Rees (1990) found that 57-77 percent of total NH 3 -N emission occurred in first 24 h. Similarly, Bitmann et al (2005) reported that 85 percent of NH 3 -N volatilized within 24 h with surface applied manure. They also reported that using aeration reduced NH 3 -N emissions by up to 52 percent compared with no incorporation.…”

Section: Ammonia Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessing Tillage Systems for Reducing Ammonia Volatilization from Spring-Applied Slurry Manure

Sadeghpour

Hashemi

Weis

et al. 2015

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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The effect of tillage management on NH 3 -N volatilization and its influence on succeeding corn (Zea mays L.) silage production were studied at the University of Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station (South Deerfield, MA) during 2010-2012 growing seasons. Tillage treatments consisted of disking before and after manure application, solid-tine aeration before and after manure application, and no-till management. The greatest NH 3 -N loss (61 percent) occurred within the first 8 h after slurry manure application regardless of tillage management. The greatest NH 3 -N emission occurred with surface application (no-till), which ranged between 5.2 and 10.3 kg NH 3 -N ha −1 (9-20 percent of NH 3 -N applied) over the 3 years of the study. Immediate incorporation of manure into soil through disking reduced NH 3 -N loss by 66 to 75 percent. Ammonia loss abatement with aeration before or after manure application ranged from 13 to 41 percent compared with surface manure application. Tillage management did not influence corn silage yield or quality.

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“…They found that there was a 1015% increase in total available N lost for every 1 m s −1 increase in wind speed following with pig and cattle manure application. Thompson et al (1990) also found a positive response to increased wind speed (0.5-3 m s −1 ) with surface-applied cattle slurry, but in their study, wind speed was not a dominant factor in overall ammonia losses. Sommer et al (1991) showed a positive increase in losses, from cattle slurry, up to 2.5 m s −1 , whereas increases in wind speed beyond 2.5-4 m s −1 did not influence loss.…”

Section: Wind Tunnel Designmentioning

confidence: 81%

Improved acid trap methodology for determining ammonia volatilization in wind tunnel experiments

et al. 2018

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Nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization is an environmental and economic concern. When acid traps are used with wind tunnels to measure ammonia volatilization, loss of solution volume is observed. As the loss mechanism affects volatilization estimates, a field study was conducted to determine if solution loss from acid traps was due to either selective loss of water through evaporation, loss of bulk solution, or a combination. Two methods for calculating air flow volume through the acid traps were also examined. Solution losses from acid traps averaged 40 mL d −1 (±9.2 mL) from an initial 100 mL, and ammonium concentration increased in close accordance with the dilution-concentration relationship for aqueous solutions. Hence, solution loss was due to evaporation, with virtually no ammonium loss, confirming that the flux calculations using corrected acid trap volumes are required. Failure to correct for the reduced volumes resulted in 9%-224% overestimation of ammonium concentrations. Air flow volumes through acid traps were underestimated by 18.5% when initial and final air flow rates were used compared with continuous cumulative flow measurements. Using cumulative flows and accounting for evaporation loss from acid traps help ensure that treatment differences are not masked by the inherent variability in field-based measurements.

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Ammonia volatilization from cattle slurry following surface application to grassland

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

Management strategies to simultaneously reduce ammonia, nitrous oxide and odour emissions from surface-applied swine manure

Management strategies to simultaneously reduce ammonia, nitrous oxide and odour emissions from surface-applied swine manure

Assessing Tillage Systems for Reducing Ammonia Volatilization from Spring-Applied Slurry Manure

Improved acid trap methodology for determining ammonia volatilization in wind tunnel experiments

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