Ammonia Volatilization from Spring Wheat Plants

Parton, William J.; Morgan, Jack A.; Altenhofen, J. M.; Harper, Lisa C.

doi:10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000030008x

Cited by 111 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Presumably, other sink tissues such as expanding leaves or the inflorescence competed with seeds for the remobilized leaf nitrogen. Alternatively, some nitrogen may have been lost from plants as gaseous nitrogen, such as NH 3 [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 Are Associated with Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Switchgrass

et al. 2014

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Two full-length cDNAs encoding NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC)-family transcription factors (TFs) were isolated from two different cultivars of Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) and named PvNAC1 and PvNAC2. Phylogenetic analysis of PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 grouped them with NAC proteins involved in senescence in annual plant species. Transcript profiling revealed that both PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 are induced during leaf senescence. Expression of a PvNAC1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion in plant cells revealed a nuclear location of the protein, consistent with a role in transcriptional regulation. Expression of PvNAC1 in an Arabidopsis nap stay-green mutant suppressed its senescence defect. Expression of PvNAC1 in wild-type Arabidopsis triggered early leaf senescence and remobilization. Transcriptome analysis implicated leaf protein degradation and nitrogen recycling enzymes in NAC-dependent seed protein increase in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of pvNAC2 in switchgrass resulted in increased aboveground biomass associated with increased transcript levels of key nitrogen metabolism genes in leaves and nitrate and ammonium transporter genes in roots. The results indicate that NAC TFs play conserved roles in leaf senescence in the plant kingdom not only in annual monocots and dicots but also in perennial plants such as switchgrass. PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 hold promise for improving nutrient use efficiency in switchgrass through genetic manipulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 Are Associated with Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Switchgrass

et al. 2014

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“…Besides being released from the soil, NH 3 can be emitted from senescing plant parts (Hanstein & Felle 1999). In addition, plants give off N-NH 3 , through the stomata, as has been observed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Silva & Stutte 1981), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Parton et al 1988), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Betelsen & Jensen 1992), as well as in several wild species, such as Mercurialis perennis L., Rubus fruticosus L., and Trientalis europaea L. (Pearson et al 1998). There is strong evidence that increased N level in the atmosphere is beneficial to epiphytic plants up to a certain limit (Baxter et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of different ammoniacal nitrogen sources on N-metabolism of the atmospheric bromeliad Tillandsia pohliana Mez

Tamaki

Mercier

2001

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Effects of different ammoniacal nitrogen sources on N-metabolism of the atmospheric bromeliad Tillandsia pohliana Mez). Increasing levels of atmospheric ammonia from anthropogenic sources have become a serious problem for natural vegetation. Short-term effects of different ammoniacal sources on the N metabolism of Tillandsia pohliana, an atmospheric bromeliad, were investigated. One-year-old, aseptically grown plants were transferred to a modified Knudson medium lacking N for three weeks. Plants were subsequently transferred to Knudson media supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM of N in the forms of NH 3 or NH 4 + as the sole N source. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH-NADH) were determined after 40 h. The GS activity was stimulated significantly by increasing the levels of the gaseous form. The GDH-NADH activity increased significantly under increasing N concentrations with NH 3 , while no significant differences were observed with NH 4 + as a N source. These results may reflect a faster NH 3 absorption by T. pohliana compared to NH 4 + uptake. The increased activity of GDH-NADH in NH 3 treatment may play a role in protecting the cells from the toxic effects of increased endogenous level of free ammonium. A raise in the concentration of N, especially in the form of NH 3 , greatly increased the content of free amino acids and soluble proteins. A possible utilisation of T. pohliana to evaluate the changes of atmospheric gaseous ammonia is proposed.RESUMO -(Efeitos de diferentes fontes amoniacais sobre o metabolismo de nitrogênio da bromélia atmosférica Tillandsia pohliana Mez). As fontes antropogênicas de amônia atmosférica têm se tornado um problema sério para a vegetação natural. No presente trabalho foram analisados os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes fontes amoniacais sobre o metabolismo do nitrogênio de Tillandsia pohliana, uma bromélia atmosférica. As sementes foram germinadas in vitro e as plantas cresceram em meio de cultura de Knudson por um ano. Após esse período, elas foram transferidas para o meio de Knudson sem as fontes nitrogenadas originais. Três semanas depois, as plantas foram colocadas nesse mesmo meio de cultura, porém, suplementado com 0,5, 1,0 ou 1,5 mM de N nas formas de NH 3 ou NH 4 + como fontes únicas de nitrogênio. O tempo de exposição a essas fontes foi de 40 h. As atividades enzimáticas da glutamina sintetase (GS) e da glutamato desidrogenase (GDH-NADH) foram analisadas. Os teores endógenos de amônio, de aminoácidos livres e de proteínas solúveis, presentes nos eixos caulinares dessa bromélia, também, foram determinados. As atividades da GS e da GDH-NADH foram estimuladas, significativamente, com o aumento do nitrogênio na forma gasosa. Esses resultados podem refletir a rápida absorção de NH 3 pela planta. Entretanto, a atividade aminante da GDH não apresentou diferença significativa em resposta ao aumento do N na forma de NH 4 + . Provavelmente, o incremento na atividade da GDH-NADH, no tratamento com NH 3 , está relacionado com...

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“…This nitrogen loss pathway could be responsible for 15-20% of all gaseous emissions of NH 3 (Asman et al, 1998). The magnitude of natural nitrogen losses by the aerial part of crops may vary according to the grown species, plant developmental stage, nitrogen availability in the soil, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, plant stress due to diseases, water deficit, NH 3 level in the atmosphere, ammonium concentration in the plant, and the activity of the glutamine synthetase enzyme (Schjoerring et al, 1998;Parton et al, 1988). Some herbicides may also affect one or more of these factors and, as a result, may increase N losses by the above-ground part of plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen loss in Brachiaria decumbens after application of glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium

Damin¹,

Franco²,

Moraes³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Nitrogen losses from the soil-plant system may be influenced by herbicide applications. In order to evaluate N loss in brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) after application of the herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse as a completely randomized design, with three treatments and six replicates. Treatments were as follows: i) desiccation of brachiaria-plants with glyphosate; ii) desiccation of brachiaria-plants with glufosinate-ammonium; and iii) control, without herbicide application. The plants were cultivated in 4 kg pots of sandy soil and fertilized with ammonium sulfate-15 N, (200 mg kg ) in order to quantify the allocation of the fertilizer-N and its recovery in the soil-plant system. Plants treated with the herbicides had less N accumulation and less recovery of the fertilizer-N ( 15 N) relative to the control. In the soil, the greatest recovery of 15 N-fertilizer occurred for treatments where N was applied, possibly due to the occurrence of other N compound losses to the soil, like root exudation and root death. The total recovery of 15 N-fertilizer in the soil-plant system was higher in the control than in the treated plants showing the direct action of the herbicides on nitrogen loss, and especially by the above-ground part of the brachiaria plants. Key words: 15 N, ammonium exchange, Gramineae, herbicides PERDAS DE NITROGÊNIO POR Brachiaria decumbens APÓS A APLICAÇÃO DE GLIFOSATO OU GLUFOSINATO DE AMÔNIORESUMO: As perdas de nitrogênio no sistema solo-planta podem ser influenciadas pela aplicação de herbicidas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a perda de N do capim-Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) após a aplicação dos herbicidas glifosato e glufosinato de amônio, foi realizado um experimento em casade-vegetação em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado (DIA), com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: i) dessecação de plantas de braquiária com o herbicida glifosato; ii) dessecação de plantas de braquiária com herbicida glufosinato de amônio e iii) testemunha, sem aplicação de herbicida. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos com 4 kg de solo arenoso e foram fertilizadas com sulfato de amônio ( 15 N), na dose de 200 mg kg -1 , com o intuito de quantificar a alocação de N-fertilizante ( 15 N) e sua recuperação no sistema solo-planta. As plantas tratadas com os herbicidas apresentaram menor acúmulo de N e menor recuperação do N-fertilizante ( 15 N) em relação à testemunha. No solo a maior recuperação do 15 N-fertilizante ocorreu nos tratamentos em que foram aplicados os herbicidas, possivelmente, devido à ocorrência de perda de compostos nitrogenados para o solo por exsudação radicular e morte de raízes. A recuperação total do 15 N-fertilizante no sistema solo-planta foi maior na testemunha que nos tratamentos, evidenciando-se a ação direta dos herbicidas nas perdas de nitrogênio, especialmente, pela parte aérea do capim-Brachiaria. Palavras-chave: 15 N, perdas de nitrogênio, braquiária, herbicidas

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Ammonia Volatilization from Spring Wheat Plants

Cited by 111 publications

References 14 publications

PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 Are Associated with Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Switchgrass

PvNAC1 and PvNAC2 Are Associated with Leaf Senescence and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Switchgrass

Effects of different ammoniacal nitrogen sources on N-metabolism of the atmospheric bromeliad Tillandsia pohliana Mez

Nitrogen loss in Brachiaria decumbens after application of glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium

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