Among‐ and Within‐flower Comparisons of Pollen Tube Growth Following Self‐ and Cross‐pollinations in Dianthus Chinensis (Caryophyllaceae)

Aizen, Marcelo A.; Searcy, Karen B.; Mulcahy, David L.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb14452.x

Cited by 77 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, in most cases the mechanisms producing the observed variation in siring success have not been clearly identified (Barrett, 1988;Walsh & Charlesworth, 1992). Other studies showing differences in germination and tube growth between self and outcross pollen (Cruzan, 1989;Hessig, 1989;Aizen et a!., 1990) suggest that siring differences may arise from prezygotic inhibition of selfed pollen tube growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-pollination mechanisms and the maintenance of outcrossing in self-compatible, tristylous, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae)

Eckert

Barrett

1994

Heredity

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The mating systems of self-compatible plants may be vulnerable to ecological factors that influence pollen transfer. Post-pollination mechanisms may, however, buffer the mating system against ecological variation. We combined an examination of mating-system variation with experimental studies of pollen competition in a clonal, self-compatible, tristylous plant, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae), to assess proximate mechanisms influencing the mating system in natural populations. Outcros sing rates (t) were estimated for 10 populations in a variety of habitats and exhibiting a wide range of size, density and patchiness. We also investigated whether self-compatibility results in departures from disassortative mating, by estimating morph-specific rates of outcrossing and disassortative mating (d). All population-level estimates of t indicated significant self-fertilization (average 1=0.72) and weak disassortative mating (average d 0.30). There were small but significant differences in outcrossing rates among style morphs, with the mid-styled morph outcrossing at a lower rate (0.62) than the short-styled morph (0.81) and the long-styled morph intermediate (0.71). The expectation of wide variation in t among populations was not supported. Populationlevel estimates were distributed over a narrow range (0.63-0.86) with few significant differences. A possible mechanism underlying this pattern was revealed by mixed-donor pollinations. Outcross pollen experienced a substantial siring advantage over self pollen. Outcrossing in D. verticillatus may be maintained by both floral polymorphism and post-pollination mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-pollination mechanisms and the maintenance of outcrossing in self-compatible, tristylous, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae)

Eckert

Barrett

1994

Heredity

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“…It is unclear at which stage between pollination and determination of progeny genotypes the success of self-pollination is reduced. Pollen grains may differ in their ability to germinate on stigmas (Levin and Clay, 1985), in the growth rate of their pollen-tubes (Aizen et al, 1990;Snow andSpira, 1991a, 1991b) or in their probability of degeneration after ovule penetration (Waser and Price, 1991), while the probability of embryo abortion after fertilization may also be different (Manasse and Stanton, 1991). Reduced seed set following higher levels of self-pollination of F, plants may account for the smaller fraction of developed seeds observed for these plants in the sparse experimental patch 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between plant density, outcrossing rates and seed set in natural and experimental populations of Scabiosa columbaria

Treuren

Bijlsma

Ouborg

et al. 1994

J of Evolutionary Biology

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SummaryOutcrossing rates were estimated in both natural and experimental populations of Scabiosa columbaria, a self-compatible, entomophilous, gynodioecious, protandrous perennial. In natural populations, estimates of the outcrossing rate in hermaphrodites were near to one and ranged from 0.84 f 0.07 to 1.12 + 0.11. The effect of plant density on outcrossing rates was studied in two experimental populations of 27 individuals. Contrary to expectation the estimates of the outcrossing rate in hermaphrodites were about 100% for both densities. However, in the sparse population, the fraction of developed seeds of plants used to estimate outcrossing rates was significantly lower than of plants in the dense population (0.41 + 0.06 and 0.68 +_ 0.08, respectively). Artificial pollinations of these plants in the greenhouse showed that the fraction of developed seeds was 0.60 f 0.01 and 0.83 + 0.05 after self-and cross-pollination, respectively. The combined results suggested that the differential success of self-and cross-pollination might have caused equalization of the outcrossing rates in the experimental populations, despite different plant densities. The implications of the results for conservation biology are discussed.

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“…This method (comparing individuals against a standard pollen donor with a genetic marker) has been used frequently in pollen competition studies, particularly on maize (Ottaviano et a!., 1983;Landi & Frascaroli, 1988 (urn/mm) pollen donor affects pollen tubes from other donors in the same way, either enhancing or inhibiting their growth to a similar extent. Some studies have suggested that pollen tubes interact (Aizen et a!., 1990;Cruzan, 1990a), but this is usually the result of incompatibility phenomena such as cryptic self-incompatibility (reviewed by Barrett, 1988) or the mentor effect, i.e. fertilization by normally incompatible pollen when compatible pollen is also present (Visser, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential seed maturation uncouples fertilization and siring success in Oenothera organensis (Onagraceae)

Havens

Delph

1996

Heredity

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This study examines ovule fertilization and seed maturation success in an evening primrose, Oenothera organensis, using transgenic plants. The reproductive success of several pollen donors was compared using individuals transformed with the GUS (/3-glucuronidase) marker gene which allowed the genotype of developing ovules to be determined prior to seed abortion. This marker gene allowed us to discriminate between a pollen donor's success in fertilizing ovules and its success in siring seeds. Transformed plants had decreased microgametophytic vigour, as evidenced by lower than expected fertilization success in vivo and slower pollen tube growth rates in vitro. However, transformation had no apparent effect on offspring sporophytic vigour, including seed mass, seedling emergence and dry weight. This illustrates the effectiveness of fertilization competition in screening out poorly functioning haploid genomes as suggested by Mulcahy (1979). We found significant differences between the percentage of ovules fertilized and the percentage of seeds sired by a pollen donor in four of eight cases. Hence, fertilization success does not always predict seed paternity. The proportion of seeds sired by the transformed donor with very low fertilization success increased, whereas the proportion sired by the donor with relatively high fertilization success was reduced. This resulted in nearly equal siring ability for the two donors in spite of their difference in fertilization ability.

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Among‐ and Within‐flower Comparisons of Pollen Tube Growth Following Self‐ and Cross‐pollinations in Dianthus Chinensis (Caryophyllaceae)

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Post-pollination mechanisms and the maintenance of outcrossing in self-compatible, tristylous, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae)

Post-pollination mechanisms and the maintenance of outcrossing in self-compatible, tristylous, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae)

Relationships between plant density, outcrossing rates and seed set in natural and experimental populations of Scabiosa columbaria

Differential seed maturation uncouples fertilization and siring success in Oenothera organensis (Onagraceae)

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