Among-tree variation in leaf traits and herbivore attacks in a deciduous oak, <i>Quercus dentata</i>

Kitamura, Masashi; Nakamura, Takashi; Hattori, Kouhei; Ishida, Tomoya; Shibata, Satoshi; Sato, H.; Kimura, Masahito T.

doi:10.1080/02827580701217893

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Because the shade and sun canopies in the pretreatment setup were separated by only a few meters and placed in an open Weld away from edges or trees, they experienced essentially identical climatic conditions. Based on our current understanding of the eVects of leaf quality traits on herbivore Wtness, we would expect that the tough, high-tannin, low-nitrogen and low-water sun leaves would be lower in quality than shade leaves (e.g., Scriber and Slansky 1981;Kitamura et al 2007). Despite their lowquality foliage, sun trees hosted more herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light environment and the impacts of foliage quality on herbivorous insect attack and bird predation

Barber

Marquis

2010

Oecologia

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Theory predicts that variation in plant traits will modify both the direct interactions between plants and herbivores and the indirect impacts of predators of those herbivores. Light has strong effects on leaf quality, so the impacts of herbivores and predators may differ between plants grown in sun and shade. However, past experiments have often been unable to separate the effects of light environment on plant traits and herbivory from direct effects on herbivores and predators. We first manipulated light availability in an open habitat using a shade cloth pre-treatment to produce oak saplings with different leaf qualities. Leaves on plants exposed to high light were thicker and tougher and had lower nitrogen and water contents, and higher carbon and phenolic contents than leaves on plants under a shade cloth. Then, in the main experiment, we moved all plants to a common shade environment where bird predators were excluded in a factorial design. We measured insect herbivore abundance and leaf damage. Herbivores were significantly more abundant and caused greater leaf damage on sun trees, although these leaf characteristics are usually associated with low-quality food. Bird exclusion did not change herbivore abundance but did increase leaf damage. Contrary to our predictions, the effects of birds did not differ between trees grown in sun and shade conditions. Thus, differences in effects of predators on herbivores and plants between light habitats, when observed, might be due to variation in predator abundance and not bottom-up effects of host plant quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light environment and the impacts of foliage quality on herbivorous insect attack and bird predation

Barber

Marquis

2010

Oecologia

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“…Pearse (2011) found that indices of leaf defenses similar to those assayed in the current study predicted tussock moth caterpillar survival rates on 27 oak species. Moreover, the effectiveness of traits such as tannins (Feeny 1970;Forkner et al 2004), leaf phenology (Karban 2007), and trichomes (Kitamura et al 2007) as defenses against herbivores has been substantiated to varying degrees in oaks. Also, oaks are commonly planted in arboreta, which represent quasicommon gardens in which the genetic component of plant traits can be separated from plasticity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Global Patterns of Leaf Defenses in Oak Species

2012

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Plant defensive traits drive patterns of herbivory and herbivore diversity among plant species. Over the past 30 years, several prominent hypotheses have predicted the association of plant defenses with particular abiotic environments or geographic regions.We used a strongly supported phylogeny of oaks to test whether defensive traits of 56 oak species are associated with particular components of their climatic niche. Climate predicted both the chemical leaf defenses and the physical leaf defenses of oaks, whether analyzed separately or in combination. Oak leaf defenses were higher at lower latitudes, and this latitudinal gradient could be explained entirely by climate. Using phylogenetic regression methods, we found that plant defenses tended to be greater in oak species that occur in regions with low temperature seasonality, mild winters, and low minimum precipitation, and that plant defenses may track the abiotic environment slowly over macroevolutionary time. The pattern of association we observed between oak leaf traits and abiotic environments was consistent with a combination of a seasonality gradient, which may relate to different herbivore pressures, and the resource availability hypothesis, which posits that herbivores exert greater selection on plants in resource-limited abiotic environments. K E Y W O R D S : Biogeography, latitude, macroevolution, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, plant-insect interaction, tannins.Plant defenses drive plants' associations with herbivores. Plants with certain life-history traits (such as trees) or habitat affiliations (such as desert plants) often invest more in defenses than other plants, and it has been the goal of several major theories of plant defense to understand these correlations (described in Stamp 2003). The defensive traits that a plant possesses today are a result of both its evolutionary heritage-the traits and constraints it inherited-and more recent adaptation of that plant species to its biotic and abiotic environment (Gould and Lewontin 1979;Agrawal 2007). Some comparative studies between plant species have stressed the importance of deep evolutionary history in driving plant-herbivore interactions (e.g., Mitter et al. 1991;Weiblen et al. 2006). Others have stressed local adaptation (which implies rapid evolution of defenses in environments where they convey a fitness benefit to the plant) (e.g., Fine et al. 2004;Kursar et al. 2009). Of course, the deep and recent impacts of history on any adaptive trait are not mutually exclusive (Futuyma and Agrawal 2009 and papers therein). Modern phylogenetic comparative approaches, such as phylogenetic least-squares methods and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) modeling, allow us to begin to tease apart the effects of evolutionary history and natural selection in the evolution of plant defenses.Selection pressures imposed by different habitat types or climatic associations are thought to be a major driver of a plant's defensive investment (Stamp 2003). For example, studies have found substantial variation in plant defenses betw...

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“…Leaf trichomes are a deterrent to herbivory in many plant species (Kitamura et al 2007;Bjorkman et al 2008). Paropsis atomaria larval growth rate also appears unaffected by tannins and other phenolic compounds in host foliage (Fox and Macauley 1977): larvae absorb terpenoids and probably have a metabolic detoxification process for dealing with them (e.g., 86% of ingested 1,8-cineole was absorbed or converted to other compounds) (Ohmart and Larsson 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corymbia Species and Hybrids: Chemical and Physical Foliar Attributes and Implications for Herbivory

Nahrung¹,

Waugh²,

Hayes³

2009

J Chem Ecol

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Hybridization is an important biological phenomenon that can be used to understand the evolutionary process of speciation of plants and their associated pests and diseases. Interactions between hybrid plants and the herbivores of the parental taxa may be used to elucidate the various cues being used by the pests for host location or other processes. The chemical composition of plants, and their physical foliar attributes, including leaf thickness, trichome density, moisture content and specific leaf weight were compared between allopatric pure and commercial hybrid species of Corymbia, an important subtropical hardwood taxon. The leaf-eating beetle Paropsis atomaria, to which the pure taxa represented host (C. citriodora subsp. variegata) and non-host (C. torelliana) plants, was used to examine patterns of herbivory in relation to these traits. Hybrid physical foliar traits, chemical profiles, and field and laboratory beetle feeding preference, while showing some variability, were generally intermediate to those exhibited by parent taxa, thus suggesting an additive inheritance pattern. The hybrid susceptibility hypothesis was not supported by our field or laboratory studies, and there was no strong relationship between adult preference and larval performance. The most-preferred adult host was the sympatric taxon, although this species supported the lowest larval survival, while the hybrid produced significantly smaller pupae than the pure species. The results are discussed in relation to plant chemistry and physical characteristics. The findings suggest a chemical basis for host selection behavior and indicate that it may be possible to select for resistance to this insect pest in these commercially important hardwood trees.

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Among-tree variation in leaf traits and herbivore attacks in a deciduous oak, Quercus dentata

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Light environment and the impacts of foliage quality on herbivorous insect attack and bird predation

Light environment and the impacts of foliage quality on herbivorous insect attack and bird predation

Global Patterns of Leaf Defenses in Oak Species

Corymbia Species and Hybrids: Chemical and Physical Foliar Attributes and Implications for Herbivory

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