<i>In Vitro</i> Study of Callogenesis and Regeneration Potential of Elite Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Cultivars

Abstract

The potential for biotechnological applications in crop improvement programs requires identifying genotypes that allow cell/tissue culture with predictable plant regeneration. In the past, many genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been examined for potential use in tissue culture studies. The present research work has also been designed to study in vitro callogenesis expression and regeneration potential of wheat cultivars under controlled laboratory conditions. Seeds of four elite commercial high yielding cultivars of wheat namely: NARC-2011, AAS-2011, PAK-2013 and GAL-2013, were collected from the Crop Science Institute National Agricultural Research Center (CSI-NARC) Islamabad, as the source of plant material for in vitro studies. The seeds were surface sterilized in 10% sodium hypochlorite solutions for 10 minutes with continuous shaking under laminar air flow hood. After that seeds were placed on MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) based callus induction and regeneration medium with various concentrations of 2, 4-D and BAP in separate test tubes. Maximum callus induction frequency of 90% for Pak-13 and AAS-11, followed by 87% and 83% for Gla-13 and NARC-11, respectively, was recorded at 4 mg/l and 6 mg/l of 2, 4-D. Similarly, maximum regeneration of 90% for AAS-11 and Pak-13, followed by 80% and 87% for NARC-11 and Gla-13 respectively, was recorded on MS basal medium containing 1.5 mg/l of BAP. An increasing trend in regeneration from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l of BAP was observed but it gradually decreased with increasing concentration of BAP from 1.5 mg/l for all wheat cultivars. The callus formed under light was golden brown, dry nodule and smooth compact and less embryogenic while under dark conditions, it was white to yellowish white, dry nodule and compact and more embryogenic. Best results for callus induction and regeneration were obtained at temperature (24˚C ± 1˚C) for all wheat cultivars.

Terminal heat tolerance in wheat: An overview

“…One of the key step to increase the yield in wheat is to develop the thermotolerance verities therefore, at present a number of techniques are being used to increase the thermotolerance in wheat. In addition to this researchers also reported superior propagation of different plants on large scale using tissue culture technique (Ali et al, Hussain et al, 2016a;Hussain et al, 2016b;Iqbal et al, 2016a;Iqbal et al, 2016b). For enhancement in germination potential of wheat there are number of growth enhancers that are exogenously applied (Iqbal et al, 2016c).…”

Review on Therapeutic and Pharmaceutically Important Medicinal Plant Asparagus officinalis L

“…Historically pharmacological screening of compounds of natural or synthetic origin has been the source of innumerable therapeutic agents from these plants and due to traditional uses of plants for food, shelter, fodder, health care and other cultural purposes the population of plants is decreasing day by day. Growing genetically defined plant material improves biomass quality and helps to protect the world germplasm from extinction as there are few breeding programs for medicinal plants [31]. Currently, the need for such documentation about conservation status has gain much importance concerning medicinal plants such as Asparagus officinalis, and act as a useful incentive for protecting the local flora.…”

A Review on Geranium wallichianum D-Don Ex-Sweet: An Endangered Medicinal Herb from Himalaya Region

“…Indirect methods like callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis can be applied for production of plantlets helping in establishment of large scale plant nurseries [45][46][47]. Ali et al established a protocol for synthetic seed production by using artificial coating material (sodium alginate) and complexing agent (calcium chloride) [48].…”