“…Aiming to reduce the oxidation potential of enzyme products and avoid electrode fouling, a wide variety of alternative substrate/product pairs were developed for ALP-based electrochemical immunosensors, including p -aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP)/ p -aminophenol (PAP) [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], hydroquinone diphosphate(HQDP)/hydroquinone (HQ) [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], p -nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP)/ p -nitrophenol (PNP) [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], α-naphthyl phosphate (NPP)/α-naphthol [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], 3-indoxyl phosphate (3-IP)/indigo blue [ ...…”