Amygdala, Childhood Adversity and Psychiatric Disorders

Yan, Xiaodan

doi:10.5772/52088

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Amygdaloid nuclei dysregulation has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders with impaired sensory perception, mood, cognition, and social behavior in both pediatric and adult patient populations (Schumann et al, 2011;Yan, 2012). Altered amygdaloid activity and/or connectivity can occur in general anxiety disorder, social anxiety and panic disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder with pronounced affective lability, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and autism spectrum disorder (Andrews et al, 2022;Drevets, 2003;Holt et al, 2008;Li et al, 2018;Yan, 2012).…”

Section: Pathological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures

Guerra

Renner

Vásquez

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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Visualizing nerve cells has been fundamental for the systematic description of brain structure and function in humans and other species. Different approaches aimed to unravel the morphological features of neuron types and diversity. The inherent complexity of the human nervous tissue and the need for proper histological processing have made studying human dendrites and spines challenging in postmortem samples. In this study, we used Golgi data and open-source software for 3D image reconstruction of human neurons from the cortical amygdaloid nucleus to show different dendrites and pleomorphic spines at different angles. Procedures required minimal equipment and generated high-quality images for differently shaped cells. We used the "singlesection" Golgi method adapted for the human brain to engender 3D reconstructed images of the neuronal cell body and the dendritic ramification by adopting a neuronal tracing procedure. In addition, we elaborated 3D reconstructions to visualize heterogeneous dendritic spines using a supervised machine learning-based algorithm for image segmentation. These tools provided an additional upgrade and enhanced visual display of information related to the spatial orientation of dendritic branches and for dendritic spines of varied sizes and shapes in these human subcortical neurons. This same approach can be adapted for other techniques, areas of the central or peripheral nervous system, and comparative analysis between species.

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Section: Pathological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures

Guerra

Renner

Vásquez

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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show abstract

“…Even if structural abnormalities could be the result of earlylife stress, it could also be a pre-existing risk factor for vulnerability to adversity exposure, psychological trauma and stress-related disorders that would be induced by genetics (Gilbertson et al, 2002;Lupien, McEwen, Gunnar, & Heim, 2009). Even if the animal literature tends to confirm that some structural abnormalities follow stress exposure (Qin et al, 2014;Yan, 2012), future studies in humans should try to extend longitudinal studies across the human lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal cortex and amygdala anatomy in youth with persistent levels of harsh parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms over time during childhood

et al. 2021

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Childhood adversity and anxiety have been associated with increased risk for internalizing disorders later in life and with a range of brain structural abnormalities. However, few studies have examined the link between harsh parenting practices and brain anatomy, outside of severe maltreatment or psychopathology. Moreover, to our knowledge, there has been no research on parenting and subclinical anxiety symptoms which remain persistent over time during childhood (i.e., between 2.5 and 9 years old). Here, we examined data in 94 youth, divided into four cells based on their levels of coercive parenting (high / low) and of anxiety (high / low) between 2.5 and 9 years old. Anatomical images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and FreeSurfer. Smaller gray matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex regions and in the amygdala were observed in youth with high versus low levels of harsh parenting over time. In addition, we observed significant interaction effects between parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms in rostral anterior cingulate cortical thickness and in amygdala volume. These youth should be followed further in time to identify which youth will or will not go on to develop an anxiety disorder, and to understand factors associated with the development of sustained anxiety psychopathology.

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Manipulating facial musculature with functional electrical stimulation as an intervention for major depressive disorder: a focused search of literature for a proposal

Demchenko

Desai

Iwasa

et al. 2023

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive deficits expressed throughout the body, particularly the facial musculature. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, afferent feedback from the facial muscles suffices to alter the emotional experience. Thus, manipulating the facial muscles could provide a new “mind-body” intervention for MDD. This article provides a conceptual overview of functional electrical stimulation (FES), a novel neuromodulation-based treatment modality that can be potentially used in the treatment of disorders of disrupted brain connectivity, such as MDD. Methods A focused literature search was performed for clinical studies of FES as a modulatory treatment for mood symptoms. The literature is reviewed in a narrative format, integrating theories of emotion, facial expression, and MDD. Results A rich body of literature on FES supports the notion that peripheral muscle manipulation in patients with stroke or spinal cord injury may enhance central neuroplasticity, restoring lost sensorimotor function. These neuroplastic effects suggest that FES may be a promising innovative intervention for psychiatric disorders of disrupted brain connectivity, such as MDD. Recent pilot data on repetitive FES applied to the facial muscles in healthy participants and patients with MDD show early promise, suggesting that FES may attenuate the negative interoceptive bias associated with MDD by enhancing positive facial feedback. Neurobiologically, the amygdala and nodes of the emotion-to-motor transformation loop may serve as potential neural targets for facial FES in MDD, as they integrate proprioceptive and interoceptive inputs from muscles of facial expression and fine-tune their motor output in line with socio-emotional context. Conclusions Manipulating facial muscles may represent a mechanistically novel treatment strategy for MDD and other disorders of disrupted brain connectivity that is worthy of investigation in phase II/III trials.

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Amygdala, Childhood Adversity and Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 4 publications

References 93 publications

Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures

Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures

Prefrontal cortex and amygdala anatomy in youth with persistent levels of harsh parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms over time during childhood

Manipulating facial musculature with functional electrical stimulation as an intervention for major depressive disorder: a focused search of literature for a proposal

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