Amygdala contributions to fear and safety conditioning: insights into PTSD from an animal model across development

Cain, Christopher K.; Sullivan, Regina M.

doi:10.1002/9781118356142.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…PTSD is a mental health condition that can develop in individuals who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. The amygdala, a part of the brain that processes emotions, has been shown to play a significant role in PTSD ( 19 , 20 ). Recent research has also highlighted the importance of the hypocretin system in the regulation of emotional responses ( 26 , 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocretin role in posttraumatic stress disorder-like behaviors induced by a novel stress protocol in mice

Lee

Chang

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder developed in individuals who expose to traumatic events. These patients may experience symptoms, such as recurrent unwanted memory of the traumatic event, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, increased arousal, and cognitive difficulty. The hypocretinergic system originates from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and projects diffusely to the whole brain, and hypocretin may be involved in the features of stress-related disorder, PTSD.MethodsOur study aimed to investigate the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) hypocretin signals in the pathophysiology of PTSD-like symptoms induced by the modified multiple-prolonged stress (MPS) protocol. The BLA, a brain region involved in fear-related behaviors, receives the hypocretin projections. In this study, TCS1102, a dual hypocretin receptor antagonist, was used to block the hypocretin signal in BLA.ResultsOur data indicated that the MPS protocol is a potential PTSD-like paradigm in mice. Meanwhile, the blockade of hypocretin signaling in the BLA relieved the MPS-induced fear response, and partially reduced PTSD-like anxiety behaviors performed by the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) task.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the hypocretinergic system is a potential therapeutic approach for PTSD treatment. With further research, the hypocretin-based medication can be a candidate for human PTSD treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocretin role in posttraumatic stress disorder-like behaviors induced by a novel stress protocol in mice

Lee

Chang

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation decreases brain activity during trauma scripts

et al. 2020

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Background: Traumatic stress can have lasting effects on neurobiology and result in psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We hypothesize that non-invasive cervical vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) may alleviate trauma symptoms by reducing stress sympathetic reactivity. This study examined how nVNS alters neural responses to personalized traumatic scripts. Methods: Nineteen participants who had experienced trauma but did not have the diagnosis of PTSD completed this double-blind sham-controlled study. In three sequential time blocks, personalized traumatic scripts were presented to participants immediately followed by either sham stimulation (n = 8; 0–14 V, 0.2 Hz, pulse width = 5s) or active nVNS (n = 11; 0–30 V, 25 Hz, pulse width = 40 ms). Brain activity during traumatic scripts was assessed using High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography (HR-PET) with radiolabeled water to measure brain blood flow. Results: Traumatic scripts resulted in significant activations within the bilateral medial and orbital prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, anterior cingulate, thalamus, insula, hippocampus, right amygdala, and right putamen. Greater activation was observed during sham stimulation compared to nVNS within the bilateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, premotor cortex, temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, and left anterior cingulate. During the first exposure to the trauma scripts, greater activations were found in the motor cortices and ventral visual stream whereas prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate activations were more predominant with later script presentations for those subjects receiving sham stimulation. Conclusion: nVNS decreases neural reactivity to an emotional stressor in limbic and other brain areas involved in stress, with changes over repeated exposures suggesting a shift from scene appraisal to cognitively processing the emotional event.

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Stressed rats fail to exhibit avoidance reactions to innately aversive social calls

Shukla

Chattarji

2021

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Amygdala contributions to fear and safety conditioning: insights into PTSD from an animal model across development

Cited by 4 publications

References 115 publications

Hypocretin role in posttraumatic stress disorder-like behaviors induced by a novel stress protocol in mice

Hypocretin role in posttraumatic stress disorder-like behaviors induced by a novel stress protocol in mice

Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation decreases brain activity during trauma scripts

Stressed rats fail to exhibit avoidance reactions to innately aversive social calls

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