Amygdala function in emotion, cognition, and behavior

Domínguez-Borràs, Judith; Vuilleumier, Patrik

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00015-8

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…In line with the animal literature, another potential mechanism underlying our findings is that physical activity may offer an enriched experience stimulating neural development of the amygdala and hippocampus among other regions, given their key roles in decision-making, spatial navigation, and inhibitory control . Interestingly, sport participation and outdoor play may also engage children in learning experiences involving the interrelated functions of these 2 structures .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…2,37,38 In line with the animal literature, another potential mechanism underlying our findings is that physical activity may offer an enriched experience stimulating neural development 39,40 of the amygdala and hippocampus among other regions, given their key roles in decision-making, spatial navigation, and inhibitory control. 1,2,41,42 Interestingly, sport participation and outdoor play may also engage children in learning experiences involving the interrelated functions of these 2 structures. 1,2,41 For instance, when playing team-based sports, children navigate a dynamic environment, cooperate with teammates, and make decisions including when and how to pass the ball to create optimal scoring opportunities.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels of Physical Activity at Age 10 Years and Brain Morphology Changes From Ages 10 to 14 Years

Estévez-López,

Dall’Aglio,

Rodriguez-Ayllon

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePhysical activity may promote healthy brain development in children, but previous research was predominantly cross-sectional and included small samples, providing limited knowledge.ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal associations of physical activity with brain morphology changes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA 4-year longitudinal population-based cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, embedded in Generation R, a cohort from fetal life onward. From the women enrolled during pregnancy, children who had repeated measures of brain structure at ages 10 (range 8 to 12) years and 14 (range 13 to 15) years were included. Data were collected from March 2013 to November 2015 (baseline) and from October 2016 to January 2020 (follow-up). Data were analyzed from April to December 2022.ExposureAt age 10 years, both the child and their primary caregiver reported the child’s levels of physical activity with regard to sport participation, outdoor play, and total physical activity. Primary analyses were based on an average multi-informant report.Main outcomes and measuresBrain morphology was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Hypothesized regions of interest were the bilateral amygdala and hippocampal volumes. Global brain measures were studied to test the specificity of the hypothesis.ResultsData were available for 1088 children (566 girls [52%]; 693 [64%] Dutch). Their mean (SD) age at baseline was 10.1 (0.6) years. For amygdala volume change, positive associations with multi-informant reports of total physical activity (β = 2.6; 95% CI, 0.3-4.9) were found. Total physical activity was associated with hippocampal volume increases only when reported by the child (β = 3.1; 95% CI, 0.4-5.8). No robust associations with global brain measures were found.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of 1088 children, more physical activity at 10 years was consistently associated with an increase in amygdala volume in children aged 10 to 14 years. Physical activity and increases in hippocampal volume were found using child reports of physical activity only. These findings suggest physical activity in late childhood was prospectively associated with volumetric changes in specific subcortical structures, but not to global brain development, from late childhood to early adolescence. These findings may inform the design of future public health interventions to best facilitate neurodevelopment with physical activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Physical Activity at Age 10 Years and Brain Morphology Changes From Ages 10 to 14 Years

Estévez-López,

Dall’Aglio,

Rodriguez-Ayllon

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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“…It serves as the hub region of the limbic system and is located superior to the anterior end of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, on the lateral side of the parahippocampal gyrus, with the top portion connecting to the tail of the caudate nucleus (Šimić et al, 2021 ). The amygdala primarily participates in the generation and regulation of negative emotional states, particularly fear, anxiety, and anger (Neugebauer et al, 2020 ; Šimić et al, 2021 ), forming complex neural circuits with other brain regions that exert differential effects on emotional responses depending on the situation (Domínguez‐Borràs & Vuilleumier, 2022 ). Previous studies have shown that the amygdala consists of nine functionally distinct nuclei, which are divided into three discrete subregions, including the centromedial, laterobasal, and superficial subregions, each of which plays a specific role and forms different connections with other brain areas (Bzdok et al, 2013 ; Foster et al, 2024 ; Hofmann & Straube, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdala structural and functional reorganization as an indicator of affective dysfunction in patients with tinnitus

Huang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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The aim of this study was to systematically investigate structural and functional alterations in amygdala subregions using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with tinnitus with or without affective dysfunction. Sixty patients with persistent tinnitus and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Based on a questionnaire assessment, 26 and 34 patients were categorized into the tinnitus patients with affective dysfunction (TPAD) and tinnitus patients without affective dysfunction (TPWAD) groups, respectively. MRI‐based measurements of gray matter volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC), and functional connectivity (FC) were conducted within 14 amygdala subregions for intergroup comparisons. Associations between the MRI properties and clinical characteristics were estimated via partial correlation analyses. Compared with that of the HCs, the TPAD and TPWAD groups exhibited significant structural and functional changes, including white matter integrity (WMI), fALFF, ReHo, DC, and FC alterations, with more pronounced WMI changes in the TPAD group, predominantly within the left auxiliary basal or basomedial nucleus (AB/BM), right central nucleus, right lateral nuclei (dorsal portion), and left lateral nuclei (ventral portion containing basolateral portions). Moreover, the TPAD group exhibited decreased FC between the left AB/BM and left middle occipital gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left basal nucleus and right SFG, and right lateral nuclei (intermediate portion) and right SFG. In combination, these amygdalar alterations exhibited a sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 96.9% in predicting affective dysfunction in patients with tinnitus. Although similar structural and functional amygdala remodeling were observed in the TPAD and TPWAD groups, the changes were more pronounced in the TPAD group. These changes mainly involved alterations in functionality and white matter microstructure in various amygdala subregions; in combination, these changes could serve as an imaging‐based predictor of emotional disorders in patients with tinnitus.

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“…We also objectively characterised the acute stress response by quantifying salivary cortisol concentrations before and after the first time a horse was backed (sat astride) by a rider, which is the most stressful event during early training (Kędzierski et al., 2014). To refine the SNP sets from the genomics analyses, we used an integrative genomics approach by combining the SNP sets with highly expressed gene (HEG) lists generated from amygdala and hippocampus tissues that function in the fear response and the modification of behaviour traits (Dominguez‐Borras & Vuilleumier, 2022; Revest et al., 2009; Totty & Maren, 2022; Zaki et al., 2022). This approach reassigned significance to SNPs that are in proximity to HEGs in the hippocampus and amygdala to highlight functionally relevant genes in behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour

et al. 2023

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Thoroughbred horses are bred for competitive racing and undergo intense training regimes, with the maintenance of physical soundness and desirable behavioural characteristics critical to the longevity of a racing career. Horses that do not easily adapt to a high-pressure training environment may have extended periods out of training to allow them to mature/settle into the training schedule, resulting in a delay in racing. Furthermore, unsuitable temperament is responsible for >6% of Thoroughbred horses discontinuing a racing career (Thomson et al., 2014). Behaviour traits therefore have animal welfare and economic implications, and may also impact on handler and rider safety.For horses entering an exercise training programme, behavioural plasticity enables adaptation to an unnatural environment (McBride & Mills, 2012) with reduced stimulation of the acute stress response. Acute stress responses are normally evolved processes that are protective whereas chronic over-activity of the stress system increases the risk of disease (McEwen, 2000).

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Amygdala function in emotion, cognition, and behavior

Cited by 23 publications

References 277 publications

Levels of Physical Activity at Age 10 Years and Brain Morphology Changes From Ages 10 to 14 Years

Levels of Physical Activity at Age 10 Years and Brain Morphology Changes From Ages 10 to 14 Years

Amygdala structural and functional reorganization as an indicator of affective dysfunction in patients with tinnitus

Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour

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