An 8.5pJ/bit Ultra-Low Power Wake-Up Receiver Using Schottky Diodes for IoT Applications

Elhebeary, Mahmoud; Chen, Li‐Yang; Pamarti, Sudhakar; KenYang, Chih-Kong

doi:10.1109/esscirc.2019.8902825

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Conversely, in this paper a clockless approach for the AFE was chosen, as shown in Fig. 1.b, where the oscillator is turned on only upon reception of the first bit of an incoming message and turned off once the whole message has been received, as recently proposed also in [11]. The circuit operates in two phases.…”

Section: A Clocked Vs Clockless Afementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the transition causing the second phase to start is spurious (solely due to noise), the oscillator and baseband logic turn back off after a predefined time interval, pushing the circuit back into the first phase [17]. If P1, t1, P2, t2 are the power and the ON time of the two phases, the average power consumption can be calculated as [11]…”

Section: A Clocked Vs Clockless Afementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 were designed for comparison, assuming the same bias current for the two designs. Sensitivity (𝑃 𝑆𝐸𝑁 ) and bitrate (𝐵𝑊) are taken into account to calculate the normalized sensitivity (𝑃 𝑆𝐸𝑁,𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 ) [11], which we hereby use to assess the performances of the EDs only, 𝑃 𝑆𝐸𝑁,𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚 (𝑑𝐵) = −𝑃 𝑆𝐸𝑁 (𝑑𝐵𝑚) + 5 log 𝐵𝑊 (8) where 𝑃 𝑆𝐸𝑁 is defined as the value of the voltage VOOKM (measured in dBm on a reference 50-Ω resistance) corresponding to 11-dB SNR at the ED output [18]. Results are based on simulations.…”

Section: Band-pass Vs Low-pass Envelope Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wake-Up signal is generated only if the incoming bitstream corresponds to the address of the specific node. Therefore, the WUR usually receives only short bit sequences, ranging from 11 bits [10] to 40 bits [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Clockless Temperature-Compensated Nanowatt Analog Front-End for Wake-Up Radios Based on a Band-Pass Envelope Detector

Elgani

Renzini

Perilli

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents an Analog Front-End for integrated Wake-Up Radios. The proposed Analog Front-End is composed of an envelope detector, a Schmitt trigger and a biasing block and has three distinctive features: i) clockless solution, which does not require an always-on oscillator; ii) an envelope detector with band-pass response which leads to smaller capacitance, thus easier integration, and low-frequency noise suppression; iii) temperature compensated biasing scheme. An active scheme for the detector is used based on MOSFETs operated in the subthreshold region with a self-biased topology. Advantages and drawbacks of the proposed architecture are analyzed. A prototype was fabricated in the STMicroelectronics 90-nm BCD technology. The overall power consumption, excluding the biasing block, is 36 nW at 1.2 V. A 10 -3 Bit Error Rate is measured with a 771-MHz, 2-kbit/s OOK modulated input signal with -46 dBm power at room temperature and at -20 °C, and with almost -43 dBm power at 60 °C.

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Section: A Clocked Vs Clockless Afementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Clocked Vs Clockless Afementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Band-pass Vs Low-pass Envelope Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Clockless Temperature-Compensated Nanowatt Analog Front-End for Wake-Up Radios Based on a Band-Pass Envelope Detector

Elgani

Renzini

Perilli

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…The phase alignment between the received data and the clock was carried out in [11] using a CDR based on a gated oscillator (GO), which guaranteed a short preamble time and ultra-low power consumption. A similar synchronization scheme was employed in [17], where the limitation on the maximum number of equal consecutive bits was not taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gated Oscillator Clock and Data Recovery Circuit for Nanowatt Wake-Up and Data Receivers

et al. 2021

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This article presents a data-startable baseband logic featuring a gated oscillator clock and data recovery (GO-CDR) circuit for nanowatt wake-up and data receivers (WuRxs). At each data transition, the phase misalignment between the data coming from the analog front-end (AFE) and the clock is cleared by the GO-CDR circuit, thus allowing the reception of long data streams. Any free-running frequency mismatch between the GO and the bitrate does not limit the number of receivable bits, but only the maximum number of equal consecutive bits (Nm). To overcome this limitation, the proposed system includes a frequency calibration circuit, which reduces the frequency mismatch to ±0.5%, thus enabling the WuRx to be used with different encoding techniques up to Nm = 100. A full WuRx prototype, including an always-on clockless AFE operating in subthreshold, was fabricated with STMicroelectronics 90 nm BCD technology. The WuRx is supplied with 0.6 V, and the power consumption, excluding the calibration circuit, is 12.8 nW during the rest state and 17 nW at a 1 kbps data rate. With a 1 kbps On-Off Keying (OOK) modulated input and −35 dBm of input RF power after the input matching network (IMN), a 10−3 missed detection rate with a 0 bit error tolerance is measured, transmitting 63 bit packets with the Nm ranging from 1 to 63. The total sensitivity, including the estimated IMN gain at 100 MHz and 433 MHz, is −59.8 dBm and −52.3 dBm, respectively. In comparison with an ideal CDR, the degradation of the sensitivity due to the GO-CDR is 1.25 dBm. False alarm rate measurements lasting 24 h revealed zero overall false wake-ups.

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A 54.8-nW, 256-bit Codeword Temperature-Robust Wake-Up Receiver minimizing False Wake-Ups for Ultra-Low-Power IoT Systems

D'Addato

Elgani

Perilli

et al. 2022

2022 29th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

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An 8.5pJ/bit Ultra-Low Power Wake-Up Receiver Using Schottky Diodes for IoT Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

A Clockless Temperature-Compensated Nanowatt Analog Front-End for Wake-Up Radios Based on a Band-Pass Envelope Detector

A Clockless Temperature-Compensated Nanowatt Analog Front-End for Wake-Up Radios Based on a Band-Pass Envelope Detector

A Gated Oscillator Clock and Data Recovery Circuit for Nanowatt Wake-Up and Data Receivers

A 54.8-nW, 256-bit Codeword Temperature-Robust Wake-Up Receiver minimizing False Wake-Ups for Ultra-Low-Power IoT Systems

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