An A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods

Loewen, Shawn; Plonsky, Luke

doi:10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3_1

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 287 publications

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“…To assess overall intrarater reliability, we randomly selected 10% (n = 12) of the 120 reports for the two coders to independently re-code 6 months after completing their initial coding 33,34 . We used the κ statistic to measure the overall intrarater reliability for each coder 31 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Content Analysis of Coworkers’ Safety Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Physicians and Advanced Practice Professionals

et al. 2018

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Objectives:The aims of the study were to develop a valid and reliable taxonomy of coworker reports of alleged unprofessional behavior by physicians and advanced practice professionals and determine the prevalence of reports describing particular types of unprofessional conduct. Methods:We conducted qualitative content analysis of coworker reports of alleged unprofessional behavior by physicians and advanced practice professionals to create a standardized taxonomy. We conducted a focus group of experts in medical professionalism to assess the taxonomy's face validity. We randomly selected 120 reports (20%) of the 590 total reports submitted through the medical center's safety event reporting system between June 2015 and September 2016 to measure interrater reliability of taxonomy codes and estimate the prevalence of reports describing particular types of conduct. Results:The initial taxonomy contained 22 codes organized into the following four domains: competent medical care, clear and respectful communication, integrity, and responsibility. All 10 experts agreed that the four domains reflected essential elements of medical professionalism. Interrater reliabilities for all codes and domains had a κ value greater than the 0.60 threshold for good reliability. Most reports (60%, 95% confidence interval = 51%-69%) described disrespectful or offensive communication. Nine codes had a prevalence of less than 1% and were folded into their respective domains resulting in a final taxonomy composed of 13 codes. Conclusions:The final taxonomy represents a useful tool with demonstrated validity and reliability, opening the door for reliable analysis and systems to promote accountability and behavior change. Given the safety implications of unprofessional behavior, understanding the typology of coworker observations of unprofessional behavior may inform organization strategies to address this threat to patient safety.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Content Analysis of Coworkers’ Safety Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Physicians and Advanced Practice Professionals

et al. 2018

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“…PVs, by contrast, can be either categorical or continuous. However, if categorical variables with more than two levels are used as PVs, they must be converted into dichotomous ones through a process known as ‘dummy coding.’ New binary variables are created to distinguish between the presence or absence of each level of the PV (for further details, see Loewen & Plonsky, ; Tabachnick & Fidell, ). For example, participant language proficiency, as a categorical variable, might be coded on three different levels: 1 = elementary, 2 = intermediate, and 3 = advanced.…”

Section: An Overview Of Key Features Of Multiple Regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Regression in L2 Research: A Methodological Synthesis and Guide to Interpreting R² Values

Plonsky

Ghanbar

2018

The Modern Language Journal

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204

135

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Multiple regression is a family of statistics used to investigate the relationship between a set of predictors and a criterion (dependent) variable. This procedure is applicable in a variety of research contexts and data structures. Consequently, and similar to quantitative traditions in sister‐disciplines such as education and psychology (see Skidmore & Thompson, 2010), second language researchers have turned increasingly to multiple regression. The present study employs research synthetic techniques to describe and evaluate the use of this procedure in the field. Five hundred and forty‐one regression analyses (K = 171) were coded for different models, variables, procedures, reporting practices, and overall variance explained (R2). Summary results reveal a number of inconsistencies (e.g., model types) as well as a lack of transparency (e.g., missing/unreported reliability estimates; see Larson–Hall & Plonsky, 2015). The distribution of R2 values (median = .32) is described to facilitate utilization and interpretation of regressions models. We also provide specific, empirically grounded recommendations for future research.

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“…At that point, interesting variation appeared within the sample of American English L1 users, which warranted a comparison of those living in the USA and the small number of American L1 users living abroad. Non-parametric statistics does allow the comparison of groups of unequal size but the risk of increased sampling error is inevitable (Loewen & Plonsky 2016). The results need therefore to be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glimpses of semantic restructuring of English emotion-laden words of American English L1 users residing outside the USA

Dewaele

2017

LAB

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The present exploratory study focuses on the effect of living outside the USA on the understanding of the meaning, the perceived offensiveness and the self-reported frequency of use of four English emotion-laden words of British origin and four English emotion-laden words of American origin among 556 first (L1) language users of American English. Statistical analyses revealed that the scores of the Americans living in the UK or in non-English-speaking countries differed significantly from those of compatriots living in the USA. Positive relationships emerged between multilingualism and scores on the dependent variables for the four British words, but no link emerged between languages known and the dependent variables for the American words. This is interpreted as an indication that semantic representations of emotion-laden words originating from another variety of the L1 are relatively weaker and are more likely to shift as a result of exposure to their use in other varieties, and the knowledge of other languages.

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An A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods

Cited by 16 publications

References 287 publications

Qualitative Content Analysis of Coworkers’ Safety Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Physicians and Advanced Practice Professionals

Qualitative Content Analysis of Coworkers’ Safety Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Physicians and Advanced Practice Professionals

Multiple Regression in L2 Research: A Methodological Synthesis and Guide to Interpreting R² Values

Glimpses of semantic restructuring of English emotion-laden words of American English L1 users residing outside the USA

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An A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods

Cited by 16 publications

References 287 publications

Qualitative Content Analysis of Coworkers’ Safety Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Physicians and Advanced Practice Professionals

Qualitative Content Analysis of Coworkers’ Safety Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Physicians and Advanced Practice Professionals

Multiple Regression in L2 Research: A Methodological Synthesis and Guide to Interpreting R2 Values

Glimpses of semantic restructuring of English emotion-laden words of American English L1 users residing outside the USA

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Product

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Multiple Regression in L2 Research: A Methodological Synthesis and Guide to Interpreting R² Values