An absurd scenario in 2021: Banned TBT-based antifouling products still available on the market

Uc-Peraza, Russell Giovanni; Castro, Ítalo Braga; Fillmann, Gilberto

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150377

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The most common biocidal ingredients are different copper-based substances, primarily cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), and copper thiocyanate (CuSCN), in a micronized powder form in the formulations. The biocide tributyl tin (TBT) was a very common AFC biocide for many years, even long after it was discovered to have severe side effects, especially on marine snails (Sousa et al, 2014) and is still sold in some markets (Uc-Peraza et al, 2022). After its gradual ban in the nineties and early two thousand there was a number of other biocides introduced, such as cuprous oxide, and a large number of organic biocides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the detection and characterization of boat paint microplastics in the marine environment

Gondikas

Mattsson

Hassellöv

2023

Front. Environ. Chem.

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Microplastics in the marine environment have been the focus of intense research recently, however little attention has been given to boat paint sources, despite its direct influence on the marine ecosystem. This is largely due to the lack of established analytical methods. Microplastics from boating sources may originate from antifouling paints on the underwater body, surface coatings on the top sides, deck, and superstructure, as well as plastic parts of the boat construction. Their release can occur during construction, operation (leisure boats and commercial ships), service, and maintenance, from the materials themselves or used chemicals (e.g., abrasive detergents). Most importantly, boat paint microplastics containing biocides, such as the metals copper and zinc, and particles containing tin (residues from old or current use of tributyl-tin ship hull paints) should raise higher concern on potential environmental impacts. This study aims to provide practical insight on methods for the quantification of boat paint microplastics in marine waters and provide a baseline survey on their occurrence. Sampling and analysis methods are applied on case studies, i.e., marinas on the Swedish coast. A multi-method approach for identifying and characterizing boat paint microplastics based on visual and chemical characteristics is presented. In general, the measured content of biocide-containing microplastics was remarkably high in all marinas, with concentration levels of copper-rich particles >10 μm between 400 and 1400 particles per L. Given that biocide paint particles are manufactured to be toxic, it is particularly important to take into account field measurements in future environmental status assessments. This work underlines the importance of monitoring data in the action work between relevant authorities and stakeholders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the detection and characterization of boat paint microplastics in the marine environment

Gondikas

Mattsson

Hassellöv

2023

Front. Environ. Chem.

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“…TBT is an organotin compound used commonly as a biocide in antifouling paints applied to boats and marine structures and was historically found at high concentrations in aquatic environments ( Mcallister and Kime, 2003 ). Though the International Maritime Organization banned the use of TBT in anti-fouling paints in 2008 ( Showalter and Savarese, 2004 ; Gipperth, 2009 ; IMO, 2019 ), which lead to reduced environmental levels ( Liang et al, 2017 ) and wildlife recovery ( Jones and Ross, 2018 ), recent reports identify spikes in TBT levels (µg/g) in coastal areas off of Latin America, Norway, and Panama ( Batista-Andrade et al, 2018 ; Schoyen et al, 2019 ; Castro et al, 2021 ) and TBT-based paint is still sold ( Uc-Peraza et al, 2022 ), suggesting continued exposure. TBT is not readily biodegradable ( Mcallister and Kime, 2003 ) and, once ingested, bioaccumulates and crosses the blood brain barrier, concentrating in areas of the brain that receive sensory inputs ( Roulea et al, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormones in Zebrafish Visual System Function

et al. 2022

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Visual system development is a highly complex process involving coordination of environmental cues, cell pathways, and integration of functional circuits. Consequently, a change to any step, due to a mutation or chemical exposure, can lead to deleterious consequences. One class of chemicals known to have both overt and subtle effects on the visual system is endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs are environmental contaminants which alter hormonal signaling by either preventing compound synthesis or binding to postsynaptic receptors. Interestingly, recent work has identified neuronal and sensory systems, particularly vision, as targets for EDCs. In particular, estrogenic and thyroidogenic signaling have been identified as critical modulators of proper visual system development and function. Here, we summarize and review this work, from our lab and others, focusing on behavioral, physiological, and molecular data collected in zebrafish. We also discuss different exposure regimes used, including long-lasting effects of developmental exposure. Overall, zebrafish are a model of choice to examine the impact of EDCs and other compounds targeting estrogen and thyroid signaling and the consequences of exposure in visual system development and function.

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“…Legislation has banned highly effective antifouling paints based on metallic biocides, such as tributyltin and other organotin compounds with the prospect of a "greener" alternative biocide. Anyway, Russell G. Uc-Peraza et al highlighted in 2022 how, despite the efforts of the IMO to ban the use of TBT-based antifouling paints and the Rotterdam Convention to ban trade in tributyltin (TBT), the situation persists and appears to have widened [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been published in literature with the aim to produce new ecofriendly coatings with chemical green features and appreciable physic-mechanical performances [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesive and Rheological Features of Ecofriendly Coatings with Antifouling Properties

Scolaro¹,

Liotta²,

Calabrese³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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in this work formulations of "environmentally compatible" silicone-based antifouling synthesized in the laboratory and based on copper and silver on silica/titania oxides have been characterized, capable of replacing the non-ecological antifouling paints currently on the market. The texture properties and the morphological analysis of these powders with an antifouling action indicate that their activity is linked to the nanometric size of the particles and to the homogeneous dispersion of the metal on the substrate. The presence of two metal species on the same support limits the for-mation of nanometric species and therefore the formation of homogeneous compounds. The presence of the antifouling filler (specifically the one based on TiO2 and Ag) facilitates the achievement of a higher degree of cross-linking of the pure resin, and therefore a better compactness and completeness of the coating. This leads to a consequent better degree of adhesion to the tie-coat and therefore to the steel support used for the construction of the boats.

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An absurd scenario in 2021: Banned TBT-based antifouling products still available on the market

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Methods for the detection and characterization of boat paint microplastics in the marine environment

Methods for the detection and characterization of boat paint microplastics in the marine environment

The Role of Estrogen and Thyroid Hormones in Zebrafish Visual System Function

Adhesive and Rheological Features of Ecofriendly Coatings with Antifouling Properties

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