An Active Detection Scheme for Cyber Attacks on Grid-tied PV Systems

Ramos-Ruiz, Jorge; Kim, Jae-Won; Ko, Woo-Hyun; Huang, Tong; Enjeti, P.N.; Xie, Le

doi:10.1109/cyberpels49534.2020.9311539

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Huang et al [11] have presented the first demonstration by simulation of active defense of a 4-bus microgrid testbed against cyberattacks. Ramos-Ruiz et al [12] introduced an active defense mechanism to protect grid-tied photovoltaic systems. They have investigated the effectiveness of the dynamic watermarking approach employed in a single node on the distribution system to mitigate the negative impact of attacks on the sensors measuring the grid current.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Dynamic Watermarking for Cyber-Physical Security of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Distribution Systems

Ko,

Ramos-Ruiz,

Huang

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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Grid-connected inverter systems that are important for increased utilization of renewable energy are vulnerable to cyberattacks. Malicious agents can attack a system by providing false measurements of sensed signals, such as power available/generated, or the grid current to sabotage the inverter control system. To defend against such attacks, we propose a technique of dynamic watermarking that superimposes a small secret signal onto the actuator signal and raises an alarm when the purported measurement data returned from the sensors do not contain appropriate transformations of the secret watermark. In this article, a robust attack detector is introduced, which does not require either knowledge of the variance of the ambient sensor noise or a model of the system. We develop an additional test that is not only impervious to sensor noise variance but can also be used to distinguish malicious attacks from sensor unreliability due to changing levels of sensor noise. We also show that a data-driven system identification of the switching inverter system can be employed in the dynamic watermarking tests. We present both simulation and experimental results from a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system, which show that the resulting robust dynamic watermarking method can detect malicious attacks on inverter control systems.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Dynamic Watermarking for Cyber-Physical Security of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Distribution Systems

Ko,

Ramos-Ruiz,

Huang

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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“…In 2020, paper [35] introduced an active detection scheme based on the dynamic watermarking technique [36] [37] for cyberattacks in grid-tied PV systems. Further, in 2021 the dynamic watermarking technique was applied to detect the problem of attacks on sensor measurements, which forms a "robust cyber shield" named for grid-connected PV inverter system [38].…”

Section: ) Watermarking Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cybersecurity in Grid-Connected Power Electronics Converters: Vulnerabilities, Countermeasures, and Testbeds

Fu,

Lichtenwalner,

Johnson

2023

IEEE Access

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With the increasing installations of solar energy, electric vehicles, and other distributed energy resources and the deeper developments of digitalization and standardization, cybersecurity became more and more essential and critical in modern power systems. Unfortunately, most prior research work focuses on the cybersecurity of power transmission and distribution networks other than distributed energy devices and their grid-connected power converters. Focusing on the Grid-Connected Power Electronics Converters (GCPECs), this article does a comprehensive review of existing outcomes from selected references, in the aspects of vulnerabilities, countermeasures, and testbeds. By analyzing the GCPEC's layout and countermeasure candidates, it is found that the vulnerabilities of GCPECs include both cyber and physical layers that are easily accessible to malicious hackers. These vulnerabilities in the two layers must be considered simultaneously and coordinate well with each other. Especially, hardware hardening is an essential approach to enhance cybersecurity within GCPECs. It is also noticed that the detection and mitigation approaches should consider the complexity of algorithms to be applied and assess the limits of computing and data processing capabilities in GCPECs while evaluating the feasibility of countermeasure candidates to cyberattacks in testbeds. In addition, the countermeasures should meet relevant standards, such as IEEE-1547.1, IEEE-2030.5, IEC-61850, and IEC-62351, to ensure the interoperability and cybersecurity of GCPEC devices in smart grids. Finally, based on the review and analysis, four recommendations are raised for future research on GCPEC's cybersecurity and their applications in smart grids.

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“…Software-defined networking (SDN) technology, where network operators flexibly manage the network, has been applied to a configurable network and access control with the goal of mitigating cyber-attacks, such as DoS attacks [101], [102]. Moreover, real-time network intrusion detection methods for PV inverters/systems have been widely studied to detect the forged in-transit-data, which includes: 1) Signature/rule-based network intrusion detection using tools such as Snort [103] and Suricata [107] (e.g., detecting irregular network packet format, reply, and message authentication); 2) Behavior-based machine learning [103], and signal processing methods (e.g., watermarking [104] and perturbation-based diagnostics [105]).…”

Section: Network and Firmware Security Detection And Mitigation Metho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cyber–Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

You-hai

Giani

Elasser

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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An Active Detection Scheme for Cyber Attacks on Grid-tied PV Systems

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Robust Dynamic Watermarking for Cyber-Physical Security of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Distribution Systems

Robust Dynamic Watermarking for Cyber-Physical Security of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Distribution Systems

A Review of Cybersecurity in Grid-Connected Power Electronics Converters: Vulnerabilities, Countermeasures, and Testbeds

A Review of Cyber–Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

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