“…With regard to the HSE problems, a multitude of methods have been employed, including least squares (LS) [1,2], singular value decomposition (SVD) [4], Kalman filter [5], neural networks (NN) [6], sparsity maximization [7], and particle swarm optimization (PSO) [8]. Additionally, it has been proved that the complete harmonic distribution can be derived based on selected measurement data [5]. However, in terms of the HSE methods, precise information on network parameters are required, which are rarely known in practice.…”