Project PRIMER (PRoducing Infant/Mother Ethnic Readers) used trained university students to tutor mothers and 1‐ to 3‐year‐old children in the home, teaching them concepts and preparing the children to read. One hundred forty‐three families were randomly assigned to high‐ (18 visits), low‐ (3 visits), or no‐intervention groups. Mothers' behaviors were assessed pre‐ and postintervention. After the intervention, mothers in the high‐ and low‐intervention groups were more likely to increase several behaviors thought to increase reading readiness and concept learning in children. Other positive behaviors increased from pre‐ to postassessment in all groups, suggesting either that any involvement in a literacy project is helpful, or that mothers were responding to developmental changes in their children.