An African Canine Trypanosomosis Case Import: Is There a Possibility of Creating a Secondary Focus of Trypanosoma congolense Infection in France?

Calvet, Florence; Medkour, Hacène; Mediannikov, Oleg; Girardet, Caroline; Jacob, Antoine; Boni, Mickaël; Davoust, Bernard

doi:10.3390/pathogens9090709

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Red blood cell counts can be reduced as a result of increased erythrophagocytosis which was reported as an important mechanism leading to anaemia in the pathophysiology of T. congolense infection in Zambian goats (49). From these factors erythrophagocytosis (50), disorders of coagulation (51), increased plasma volume and haemodilution (50), dyshaemopoiesis in which the bone marrow fails to produce RBC and immune mediated haemolysis (52) were the common reasons in different literatures. Apart from these postulation Ezeokonkwo et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors have been reported in the literature to be responsible for the reductions in total RBC counts, Hgb concentrations and the subsequent PCV value (which communally are termed as anemia) in trypanosomosis of livestock. Red blood cell counts can be reduced as a result of increased erythrophagocytosis which was reported as an important mechanism leading to anaemia in the pathophysiology of T. congolense infection in Zambian goats (49).From these factors erythrophagocytosis (50), disorders of coagulation (51), increased plasma volume and haemodilution (50), dyshaemopoiesis in which the bone marrow fails to produce RBC and immune mediated haemolysis (52) were the common reasons in different literatures.…”

Section: Haematological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative experimental studies on Trypanosoma isolates in goats and response to diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride treatment

Tsegaye¹,

Nigatu²

2023

Preprint

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The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the clinically visible pathological features and drug resistance patterns of two Trypanosoma isolates from two tsetse infested areas of northwest Ethiopia in experimentally infected goats. From the 37 trypanosome free goats, two goats (trypanosome donors) were used to take trypanosome isolates from naturally infected cattle (one from Jawi and the other from Jabitehenen areas). The remaining thirty five goats were randomly assigned into seven experimental groups, each containing five goats. These groups were again randomly selected, and three of them—Group 1 (JWI-1), Group 2 (JWI-DA), and Group 3 (JWI-ISM)—were inoculated with the Trypanosoma of Jawi isolate. Group-4 (JBI-1), Group-5 (JBI-DA), and Group-6 (JBI-ISM) were inoculated with the Trypanosoma of Jabitehenan isolate. The remaining group, Group 7 (NIC), was under negative control. Each experimental goat received 2 ml of trypanosoma positive blood at the 1×106 parasites/ml from donor goats through the jugular vein. Group NIC received 2 mL of sterile water as a negative control. For ten weeks following infection, parameters such as parasitaemia, body weight, PCV, and hemoglobin value were measured once per week. When peak parasitaemia was detected on day 14 of post infection, trypanocidal treatment was administered. Diminazine diaceturate (DA) was given at a dose of 28 mg/kg, and isomethamedium chloride (ISM) was given at a dose of 4 mg/kg. Trypanosomosis was detected on days 5 and 6 of post-infection (Pi) in Jabitehenan and Jawi, T. congolense isolates from infected groups, respectively. When peak parasitaemia was detected on day 14 of post infection, trypanocidal treatment was administered. 7 mg/kg for Group 2 and Group 5 and 1 mg/kg for Group 3 and Group 6 were the treatment doses for DA and ISM, respectively. All of the infected groups (groups 1 and 4; positive control) had severe clinical signs and recumbence within 27-59 days of infection. The mean PCV, total RBC, and Hgb concentration values of Jabitehenan isolate infected groups were significantly (P<0.05) lower than Jawi isolate infected groups, and severe clinical signs in group 4 occurred earlier than in group 1. These findings point to the presence of inter-isolate T. congolense variation. Neither of the DA nor ISM treatment groups attained complete recovery, and this shows the presence of disease resistance. A molecular-based study was this study's limitation, and it is recommended to confirm interisolate differences. Keywords: Clinical features, Drug resistance, Diminazene Aceturate, Isometamidium Chloride, Goats, Trypanosoma congolense, Northwest Ethiopia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Haematological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative experimental studies on Trypanosoma isolates in goats and response to diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride treatment

Tsegaye¹,

Nigatu²

2023

Preprint

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“…biting flies, depending upon the Trypanosoma spp. and geographical location ( 28 ). In Pakistan, the predominant species is T. evansi , which is considered to be the result of the bites of the flies of family Tabanidae and Stomoxidae , and the molecular studies should be performed to confirm the presence of species of this parasite in animals ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Trypanosomosis, Babesiosis and Toxocarosis in a Dog: a Case Report

Abbas¹,

Rizwan²,

Younus³

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Among the blood-borne parasitic infections of dogs, trypanosomosis and babesiosis are highly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and highly pathogenic. Methods: A six-month-old dog was presented with complaint of lethargy, anorexia and loss of body weight over the previous 15 days on October 11, 2021. A full clinical and targeted haematologic and parasitological examination was undertaken. Results: Wet smears were positive for the motile trypanosomes while stained thin blood smears showed large number of extracellular trypanosomes and intra-erythrocytic ring-like inclusion bodies of Babesia spp. A high burden of Toxocara canis was identified on coprological examination. Conclusion: This report describes the clinical manifestation of concurrent infection of haemoparasites and gastrointestinal nematodes in Pakistani dogs, and highlights the importance of prompt veterinary intervention.

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“…Specifically, we identified T. vivax and T. congolense forest type, two parasites responsible for AAT. T. congolense forest type has previously been implicated in the death of military working dogs in 2001, 2002, and 2018 [ 9 , 34 , 37 , 61 ]. It is possible that military working dogs became infected at the kennel or nearby training ground, where infected tsetse flies were captured, or during patrols within and around the base.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to this situation, vector control (VC) measures were implemented in 2005 and 2006 to reduce tsetse density and minimize the risk of trypanosome transmission (DK, personal observation). However, a decade after the end of this VC campaign, a new fatal case of canine AAT was reported at the FFCI base [ 9 ], and the presence of tsetse flies was once again reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsetse fly ecology and risk of transmission of African trypanosomes related to a protected forest area at a military base in the city of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Konan,

Berté,

et al. 2023

Parasite

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African trypanosomoses, whose pathogens are transmitted by tsetse flies, are a threat to animal and human health. Tsetse flies observed at the military base of the French Forces in Côte d’Ivoire (FFCI base) were probably involved in the infection and death of military working dogs. Entomological and parasitological surveys were carried out during the rainy and dry seasons using “Vavoua” traps to identify tsetse fly species, their distribution, favorable biotopes and food sources, as well as the trypanosomes they harbor. A total of 1185 Glossina palpalis palpalis tsetse flies were caught, corresponding to a high average apparent density of 2.26 tsetse/trap/day. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of tsetse at the FFCI base, linked to more or less favorable biotopes. No significant variation in tsetse densities was observed according to the season. The overall trypanosomes infection rate according to microscopic observation was 13.5%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense forest type, responsible for African animal trypanosomosis. Our findings suggest that there is a risk of introduction and transmission of T. brucei gambiense, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis, on the study site. This risk of transmission of African trypanosomes concerns not only the FFCI base, but also inhabited peripheral areas. Our study confirmed the need for vector control adapted to the eco-epidemiological context of the FFCI base.

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An African Canine Trypanosomosis Case Import: Is There a Possibility of Creating a Secondary Focus of Trypanosoma congolense Infection in France?

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative experimental studies on Trypanosoma isolates in goats and response to diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride treatment

Comparative experimental studies on Trypanosoma isolates in goats and response to diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride treatment

Concurrent Trypanosomosis, Babesiosis and Toxocarosis in a Dog: a Case Report

Tsetse fly ecology and risk of transmission of African trypanosomes related to a protected forest area at a military base in the city of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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