An air-stable electrochromic conjugated microporous polymer as an emerging electrode material for hybrid energy storage systems

Dai, Yuyu; Li, Weijun; Chen, Zhangxin; Zhu, Xiaogang; Liu, Junlei; Zhao, Ruiyang; Wright, Dominic S.; Noori, Abolhassan; Mousavi, Mir F.; Zhang, Cheng

doi:10.1039/c9ta03001h

Cited by 109 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In some previous studies, because of the lack of accurate structural information, monomeric units have been approximated to completely planar, “star‐shaped” building blocks . As a result, it has been assumed that the highly porous polymers observed result from the aggregation of monomers into cyclic units which build together into planar, honeycomb arrangements, for example, in poly[1,3,5‐tris(4‐diphenylamino‐phenyl)benzene], which has been shown to possess a highly porous structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In some previouss tudies, because of the lack of accurate structurali nformation,m onomeric units have been approximated to completely planar," star-shaped" building blocks. [19,23] As ar esult,i th as been assumed that the highly porous polymers observed result from the aggregationo fm onomers into cyclic units which build together into planar,h oneycomba rrangements, for example, in poly[1,3,5-tris(4-diphenylaminophenyl)benzene],w hich has been shown to possess ah ighly porouss tructure. However,t he TEPAm onomer is not ac ompletely planarb uildingb lock but is slightly pyramidalized at the central N1 atom with respectt ot he terminal Ca toms (C1A, C1B, C1C), whichf orm CÀCb onds to other monomer units upon polymerization (Figure 5a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In addition, al arge number of TPA-based polymers exhibit electrochromic behaviord uring redoxp rocesses that have potential applications in ECDs. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] To improve the charge carriert ransport properties and structural stabilities of polymerc hains, somet hiophene derivatives, such as 2,2'-bithiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), have been incorporated within the polymer backbonea s" bridge" linkages. As eries of monomers that consist of aT PA core substituted by thiophene derivatives was synthesized recently,a nd the resulting polymers possess good electrochemical stabilitya nd variouse lectrochromic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these reported conjugated polymers, many polymers based on triphenylamine (TPA), which have ultrafast electron‐transfer rate constants and good hole‐transporting abilities, have been studied intensively as electrode materials for organic batteries and SCs . In addition, a large number of TPA‐based polymers exhibit electrochromic behavior during redox processes that have potential applications in ECDs . To improve the charge carrier transport properties and structural stabilities of polymer chains, some thiophene derivatives, such as 2,2′‐bithiophene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), have been incorporated within the polymer backbone as “bridge” linkages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

Yang

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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A new green synthetic route to tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine (TEPA) monomer has been developed and the molecular structure of TEPA has been determined by using single‐crystal XRD. Solution‐processable nanoporous poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine} (PTEPA) is prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization in a microemulsion. Based on the distorted structure of TEPA in the solid state, it is proposed that dendritic PTEPA has a distorted 3 D conformation with multiple twisted channels and pores that are narrowed and blocked by bifurcation and distortion of PTEPA, which is consistent with the observed hierarchical pore structure. As a cathode material, PTEPA exhibits a discharge capacity of 89.5 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle with a highly sloping two‐stage discharge curve and relatively stable cycling performance. Beyond its excellent energy storage properties, PTEPA also shows relatively good electrochromic performance. Furthermore, an efficient all‐solid‐state electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) with good electrochromic performance and high energy storage capacity (13.3 mF cm−2) is assembled from PTEPA and nanoporous graphene films. During charge–discharge processes, the color of the ECSC changes between yellow‐green and steel blue. Thus, the energy storage level of the ECSC can be monitored by the corresponding color changes. The fabricated ECSC may have practical applications, for example, in self‐powered electrochromic smart windows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

Yang

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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“…ED method was a "one-step" preparation process combining polymerization and in situ deposition on destination electrodes to afford an insoluble and infusible film with high cross-linking degree. [36][37][38][39] Experimental results showed that the cross-linked azobenzene film exhibited smooth morphology without obvious crack and aggregation, and expected photoresponse, which could be applied to ready-to-used STF. Moreover, due to the suppressed molecular motion in crosslinked structure, the ED azobenzene film realized significantly improved energy storage half-life, which was extended by 750% compared with that of BCz-BO-Azo solid.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation of Photoresponsive Film via Electrodeposition Approach for Ready‐to‐Use Solar Thermal Fuel Device

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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the past decade, a number of photoresponsive materials have been reported as STF candidates, such as anthracene, [7] norbornadiene, [8,9] fulvalene diruthenium, [10,11] stilbene, [12] and azobenzene. [13] As we all know, azobenzene and its derivatives have been explored to broad applications for optical data storage, [14-16] molecular motors, [17-20] artificial mechanical actuator, [21-24] and STFs, [25-28] due to these unique photoresponsive character and extraordinary cycling stability. However, azobenzene derivatives still have challenges to meet the requirements of STFs, such as a short storage half-life (determined by the barrier of photoinduced isomerization process, Ea) and low energy density (determined by internal energy difference between cis and trans isomers, ΔH). [13] Recently, some functionalized azobenzene derivatives or azobenzene hybrid materials have been reported to improve the energy density and storage half-life. [29-33] Grossman and co-workers synthesized hybrid materials containing carbon nanotube (CNT)-templated and azobenzene with covalent bonds, which demonstrated that the energy density and storage half-life were both improved due to the generation of intermolecular steric strain. [5] They also introduced layer-by-layer cross-linked approach, bulky aromatic molecular design, and engineering concept to obtain high energy storage density. Feng and co-workers prepared series of graphene oxide or CNT-templated azobenzene hybrids via covalent functionalization, which demonstrated that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the grafted azobenzenes significantly improved the energy density and storage half-life. [31-33] Wu and co-workers prepared a four-layer STF cell for visible light charging to improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy due to the wider absorption spectral overlap. [4] Although nanohybrid Azo-STFs achieved a higher energy density and improved the storage half-life, the charging process with solvent pretreatment was inevitable before application due to the close-packed structure and the poor penetration of UV light. This inconvenient solvent-assistant process potentially aggravated the environmental pollution and increased the costs, which limited their practical applications. [6] By contrast, the solid-state film STF was more practical and convenient due to ready-to-use charging and discharging process. However, few literatures reported pristine azobenzene derivatives prepared for the solid-state film STFs application. [34,35] Azobenzene and its derivatives are proposed as promising solar thermal fuel (STF) candidates due to the unique photoinduced trans-cis isomerization. However, the routinely processed azobenzene/inorganic-nonmetal nanocomposite-based STF usually encounters the problems of close-packed structure and the poor penetration of UV light, which need a solvent pretreatment charging process before STF application. Electrochemical deposition (ED) is widely used in the preparation of photoelectric functional devices because of its unique polymerization a...

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Polymers: Containing Redox‐ActiveN‐Heterocyclic Moieties

2023

An Introduction to Redox Polymers for Energy‐Storage Applications

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An air-stable electrochromic conjugated microporous polymer as an emerging electrode material for hybrid energy storage systems

Abstract: An air-stable oxidation state is observed in an electrochromic triphenylamine–triazine polymer energy storage system after the removal of the applied potential.

Cited by 109 publications

References 60 publications

An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

Preparation of Photoresponsive Film via Electrodeposition Approach for Ready‐to‐Use Solar Thermal Fuel Device

Polymers: Containing Redox‐ActiveN‐Heterocyclic Moieties

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