An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

Taei, Monireh; Chadeganipour, Mostafa; Mohammadi, Rasoul

doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4811-1

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The incidence of species such as C. glabrata , C. parapsilosis , C. tropicalis has been widely reported within the past 10-year period [ 6 ]. In particular, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis are frequently isolated in North and Central Europe and North America, and C. tropicalis in South America and Asia [ 7 ]. Moreover, the potential of these species to exhibit resistance and cross resistance to azole drugs, which might lead to the failure of therapeutic strategies, has been documented [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains

Donadu

Peralta-Ruiz

Usai

et al. 2021

JoF

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Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness of antifungal agents and to reduce antifungal resistance levels has been proposed. Our research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Colombian rue, Ruta graveolens, essential oil (REO) against clinical strains of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Data obtained showed that C. tropicalis and C. albicans were the most sensitive strains showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.1 and 8.2 µg/mL of REO. Time–kill kinetics assay demonstrated that REO showed a fungicidal effect against C. tropicalis and a fungistatic effect against C. albicans. In addition, an amount of 40% of the biofilm formed by C. albicans was eradicated using 8.2 µg/mL of REO after 1 h of exposure. The synergistic effect of REO together with some antifungal compounds was also investigated. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed synergic effects of REO combined with amphotericin B. REO Lead a disruption in the cellular membrane integrity, consequently resulting in increased intracellular leakage of the macromolecules, thus confirming that the plasma membrane is a target of the mode of action of REO against C. albicans and C. tropicalis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains

Donadu

Peralta-Ruiz

Usai

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Besides the ability to spread nosocomially, its propensity to form adherent biofilms on medically relevant substrates has led to numerous hospital outbreaks of C. auris globally [3]. A higher percentage of clinical isolates resistant to multiple classes of antifungal agents is the greatest challenge posed by this recently emerged NAC species [4]. Apart from C. auris, the prophylactic or, prolonged use of antifungal drugs has allowed many other Candida species to manifest resistance to azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and pyrimidine analogues [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed Mutational Strategies Reveal Drug Binding and Transport by the MDR Transporters of Candida albicans

Banerjee

Pata

Sharma

et al. 2021

JoF

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters belonging to either the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) or Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) groups are major determinants of clinical drug resistance in fungi. The overproduction of these proteins enables the extrusion of incoming drugs at rates that prevent lethal effects. The promiscuity of these proteins is intriguing because they export a wide range of structurally unrelated molecules. Research in the last two decades has used multiple approaches to dissect the molecular basis of the polyspecificity of multidrug transporters. With large numbers of drug transporters potentially involved in clinical drug resistance in pathogenic yeasts, this review focuses on the drug transporters of the important pathogen Candida albicans. This organism harbors many such proteins, several of which have been shown to actively export antifungal drugs. Of these, the ABC protein CaCdr1 and the MFS protein CaMdr1 are the two most prominent and have thus been subjected to intense site-directed mutagenesis and suppressor genetics-based analysis. Numerous results point to a common theme underlying the strategy of promiscuity adopted by both CaCdr1 and CaMdr1. This review summarizes the body of research that has provided insight into how multidrug transporters function and deliver their remarkable polyspecificity.

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“…They are considered the third most common etiology of healthcare-associated infections. Although Candida albicans is the most common species, non-albicans Candida begin to increase remarkably during the last twenty years (Taei et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and Molecular Identification of Mycotic Mastitis Caused by Candida in Farm Animals

2021

Int J Vet Sci

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Mycotic mastitis due to Candida is increasing and the identification of Candida species is crucial in choosing the ideal antifungal drugs. Identification of Candida to species level is essential as many non-albicans Candida developed drug resistance against antifungal agents. A total of 138 milk samples (24, 15, 46 and 53 from goats, sheep, buffaloes and cows, respectively) were streaked on plain plates of SDA and incubated. CHROM agar was used to differentiate Candida isolates. Mycological examination revealed the presence of yeast in 8.3, 6.7, 32.6 and 47.2% milk samples of goats, sheep, buffaloes and cows, respectively. The total isolation percent of yeast in all milk samples was 31.2%. Species identification of Candida in the present work using both CHROM agar and the bio-typing assay (API 20 C AUX) revealed the highest presence of Candida albicans (11.6%) followed C. glabrata (5.8%), C. tropicalis (5.1%) and C. krusei (2.9%). Multiplex PCR gave two different sized PCR products specific for every tested Candida isolates separately. It was concluded that phenotypic and biochemical assays are time-consuming and exposed to misdiagnosis. Whereas multiplex PCR is a genotypic-based technique that permits the identification of species that is difficult to be identified conventionally because of their abnormal morphology or biochemical features and also this assay is simple, easy and time saving so it is recommended to be implemented in clinical laboratories.

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An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains

Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains

Directed Mutational Strategies Reveal Drug Binding and Transport by the MDR Transporters of Candida albicans

Conventional and Molecular Identification of Mycotic Mastitis Caused by Candida in Farm Animals

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