By using the Lewis-Riesenfeld theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation, the exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equations which govern the various Lie-algebraic quantum systems in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear physics and laser physics are obtained. It is shown that the explicit solutions may also be obtained by working in a subHilbert-space corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of the conserved generator ( i. e., the timeindependent invariant ) for some quantum systems without quasi-algebraic structures. The global and topological properties of geometric phases and their adiabatic limit in time-dependent quantum systems/models are briefly discussed. The more systematic approach to obtaining the formally exact solutions for the spin-j system was proposed by Gao et al [9] who made use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld quantum theory [10]. In this spin-j system, the three Lie-algebraic generators of the Hamiltonian satisfy the commutation relations of SU (2) Lie algebra. In addition to the spin model, there exist many quantum systems whose Hamiltonian is also constructed in terms of three generators of various Lie algebras, which we will illustrate in the following.The invariant theory that can be applied to solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation was first proposed by Lewis and Riesenfeld in 1969 [10]. This theory is appropriate for treating the geometric phase factor. In 1991, Gao et al generalized this theory and put forward the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation [11]. Exact solutions for time-dependent systems obtained by using the generalized invariant theory contain both the geometric phase and the dynamical phase [12][13][14]. This formulation was developed from the Lewis-Riesenfeld's formal theory and proven useful to the treatment of the exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and geometric phase factor. In the present paper, based on these invariant theories we obtain exact solutions of various time-dependent quantum systems with the three-generator Lie-algebraic structures. *