An algorithmic approach to the evaluation and treatment of olfactory disorders

Daramola, Opeyemi O.; Becker, Samuel S.

doi:10.1097/moo.0000000000000118

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Objective testing in olfaction may be particularly useful in patients with compromised complex cognitive functions or attention levels. An algorithm in the evaluation of patients with olfactory impairment has been suggested to help guide physicians in differentiating the complex underlying etiologies of olfactory dysfunction (20). Results from our study indicate the application of both quantitative subjective with the objective examinations in the facilitation of this method.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 71%

Subjective and Objective Assessments of Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries are the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. Deficits in olfaction may be conductive or neurosensory in nature, with varying degrees of impairment resulting in a diminished quality of life and an increased risk for personal injury among patients. The aim of this research is to evaluate the results of the subjective and objective quantitative examinations of olfactory function in a group of patients with post-traumatic anosmia in order to predict its value in identifying olfactory deficits in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: The present study included 38 patients who reported anosmia or hyposmia caused by a traumatic head injury, and a group of 31 age- and sex-matched controls without olfactory dysfunction or prior history of head injury. The comparison of odor perception and identification of two oils (mint and anise) was assessed with the use of blast olfactometry with cortical olfactory event-related potentials. Results: Subjective olfactory tests revealed anosmia or hyposmia in 94% of patients with head injury-related olfactory dysfunction. Objective tests revealed olfactory event-related potentials from cranial nerve I produced by the stimulation with both mint and anise in 20 patients (52.6%). Olfactory event-related potentials from cranial nerve V produced by the stimulation with mint were registered in 26 patients (68.4%). The lack of any responses, from both cranial nerve I and V, was found in 12 patients (32% of cases). Conclusions: Findings from our study indicate the application of both subjective and objective examinations in the evaluation of patients with olfactory impairment. In the diagnosis of post-traumatic anosmia or hyposmia, objective examinations are particularly useful when the patients' level of cognition may be impaired or when subjects may be exaggerating their olfactory defects for a secondary gain. The diagnosis of damage to the olfactory system, specifically in the receptive part of the olfactory pathway, can be established in patients who showed reduced amplitudes or absent cortical responses in addition to absent odor identification and perception threshold in the subjective examination.

show abstract

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 71%

Subjective and Objective Assessments of Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Until a better consensus can be achieved, we suggest that providers begin with a multidisciplinary and comprehensive diagnostic work‐up for patients presenting with phantosmia. This work‐up should include a smell test to determine the extent of olfactory dysfunction; magnetic resonance imaging to rule out neoplasm, sinus disease, or cerebrovascular disease; and a neurologic examination to evaluate for memory loss, seizures, or motor and sensory impairment given that phantosmia may be an early indication of neurocognitive disorders . Altogether, an extensive work‐up is indicated as medical therapy may depend on the underlying cause of a patient's phantosmia, and success rates for medical therapy may also vary in this regard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of long‐lasting phantosmia: a systematic review

Saltagi

Rabbani

Ting

et al. 2018

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A neurosensorial olfactory loss signifies damage or dysfunction at any point along the olfactory neural pathway from the olfactory receptors through to the central olfactory processing centers in the brain. The latter category may include local etiologies such as upper respiratory viral illness and toxin inhalation injury to central processes such as neurodegenerative disease, congenital anomalies, and head trauma (Wrobel and Leopold, 2004a; Daramola and Becker, 2015). In some instances, both mechanisms of olfactory loss may be contributory as in the case of nasal inflammatory diseases such as CRS (Kern, 2000;Allis and Leopold, 2012), which will be elaborated upon elsewhere in this chapter.…”

Section: Classification Of Olfactory Disturbancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of the nasal cavity

Schwartz

Tajudeen

Kennedy

2019

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite garnering minimal attention from the medical community overall, olfaction is indisputably critical in the manner in which we as humans interact with our surrounding environment. As the initial anatomical structure in the olfactory pathway, the nasal airway plays a crucial role in the transmission and perception of olfactory stimuli. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of olfactory disturbances as it pertains to the sinonasal airway. This comprises an in-depth discussion of clinically relevant nasal olfactory anatomy and physiology, classification systems of olfactory disturbance, as well as the various etiologies and pathophysiologic mechanisms giving rise to this important disease entity. A systematic clinical approach to the diagnosis and clinical workup of olfactory disturbances is also provided in addition to an extensive review of the medical and surgical therapeutic modalities currently available.

show abstract

An algorithmic approach to the evaluation and treatment of olfactory disorders

Abstract: There is no standard treatment for olfactory loss. Each patient must be approached individually based on the suspected cause. Patients with CRS may require medical management and surgical treatment for alleviation of their olfactory dysfunction.

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Subjective and Objective Assessments of Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

Subjective and Objective Assessments of Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction

Management of long‐lasting phantosmia: a systematic review

Diseases of the nasal cavity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About