An all-diamond, hermetic electrical feedthrough array for a retinal prosthesis

Ganesan, Kumaravelu; Garrett, David J.; Ahnood, Arman; Shivdasani, Mohit N.; Tong, Wei; Turnley, Ann M.; Fox, Kate; Meffin, Hamish; Prawer, S.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.040

Cited by 93 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are several successful examples of such bionic, or cyberonic, devices including the cochlear implant, [1] cochlear nucleus prosthesis, [2] retinal prosthesis, [3] brain-machine interface (BMI), [4] and deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes for the treatment of conditions including depression, essential tremor, chronic pain, and epilepsy. [5] For some of these devices, there is potential benefit in increasing the spatial resolution of stimulation and/or recording, in particular for retinal prostheses and BMIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, Flexible Freestanding Neural Stimulation and Recording Electrodes Fabricated from Reduced Graphene Oxide

Apollo

Maturana

Tong

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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148

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. (2015). Soft, flexible freestanding neural stimulation and recording electrodes fabricated from reduced graphene oxide. Advanced Functional Materials, 25 (23), 3551-3559. Soft, flexible freestanding neural stimulation and recording electrodes fabricated from reduced graphene oxide AbstractThere is an urgent need for conductive neural interfacing materials that exhibit mechanically compliant properties, while also retaining high strength and durability under physiological conditions. Currently, implantable electrode systems designed to stimulate and record neural activity are composed of rigid materials such as crystalline silicon and noble metals. While these materials are strong and chemically stable, their intrinsic stiffness and density induce glial scarring and eventual loss of electrode function in vivo. Conductive composites, such as polymers and hydrogels, have excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties, but are electrodeposited onto rigid and dense metallic substrates. In the work described here, strong and conductive microfibers (40-50 μm diameter) wet-spun from liquid crystalline dispersions of graphene oxide are fabricated into freestanding neural stimulation electrodes. The fibers are insulated with parylene-C and laser-treated, forming "brush" electrodes with diameters over 3.5 times that of the fiber shank. The fabrication method is fast, repeatable, and scalable for high-density 3D array structures and does not require additional welding or attachment of larger electrodes to wires. The electrodes are characterized electrochemically and used to stimulate live retina in vitro. Additionally, the electrodes are coated in a water-soluble sugar microneedle for implantation into, and subsequent recording from, visual cortex. AbstractThere is an urgent need for conductive neural interfacing materials that exhibit mechanicallycompliant properties while also retaining high strength and durability in physiological conditions. Currently, implantable electrode systems designed to stimulate and record neural activity are comprised of rigid materials such as crystalline silicon and noble metals. While these materials are strong and chemically stable, their intrinsic stiffness and density induce glial scarring and eventual loss of electrode function in vivo. Conductive composites, such as polymers and hydrogels, have excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties, but are electrodeposited onto rigid and dense metallic substrates. In the work described here, strong and conductive microfibres (40-50 µm diameter) wet-spun from liquid crystalline dispersions of graphene oxide are fabricated into freestanding neural stimulation electrodes. The fibres were insulated with parylene-C and laser-treated, forming "brush" electrodes with diameters over 3.5 times that of the fibre shank. The fabrication method is fast, repeatable, and scalable for high density 3-D array structures and does not require additional welding or attachment of larger electrodes to wires. The electrodes are characterized electroch...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, Flexible Freestanding Neural Stimulation and Recording Electrodes Fabricated from Reduced Graphene Oxide

Apollo

Maturana

Tong

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

131

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nitrogen-doped Ultrananocrystalline diamond electrode for retinal interfaces were developed and showed very promising result on rigid implants [20]. This study also reported diamond as a hermetic material for encapsulation of the implants.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 94%

Monitoring the evolution of boron doped porous diamond electrode on flexible retinal implant by OCT and in vivo impedance spectroscopy

Hébert

Cottance

Dégardin

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…20 Additionally, we have demonstrated a method for the construction of hermetic, biocompatible feedthroughs for a retinal prosthesis device based on conductive nitrogen-doped diamond electrodes. 21 In the present paper, we extend our previous work and describe the construction of diamond-based electronic circuit substrates with embedded Ag-or Au-based interconnects and soldering pads. Finally, we describe a method to metallize the aforementioned carbonaceous wires (CNT yarns, CFs, and graphene fibers), with the option to incorporate them into the diamond circuit substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Brazing techniques for the fabrication of biocompatible carbon-based electronic devices

Apollo

Lau

Ahnood

et al. 2016

Carbon

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. (2016). Brazing techniques for the fabrication of biocompatible carbon-based electronic devices. Carbon, Brazing techniques for the fabrication of biocompatible carbon-based electronic devices AbstractPrototype electronic devices have been critical to the discovery and demonstration of the unique properties of new materials, including composites based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene. However, these devices are not typically constructed with durability or biocompatibility in mind, relying on conductive polymeric adhesives, mechanical clamps or crimps, or solders for electrical connections. In this paper, two key metallization techniques are presented that employ commercially-available brazing alloys to fabricate electronic devices based on diamond and carbonaceous wires. Investigation of the carbon -alloy interfacial interactions was utilized to guide device fabrication. The interplay of both chemical ("adhesive") and mechanical ("cohesive") forces at the interface of different forms of carbon was exploited to fabricate either freestanding or substrate-fixed carbonaceous electronic devices. Elemental analysis in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy of the carbon -alloy interface revealed the chemical nature of the Ag alloy bond and the mechanical nature of the Au alloy bond. Electrical characterization revealed the non-rectifying nature of the carbon -Au alloy interconnects. Finally, electronic devices were fabricated, including a Au circuit structure embedded in a polycrystalline diamond substrate. Disciplines Engineering | Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication DetailsApollo, N. V., Lau, D., Ahnood, A., Stacey, A., Ganesan, K., Lichter, S. G., Fox, K., Foroughi, J., Meffin, H., Wallace, G. G., AbstractTranslating the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene into microand macrostructures has greatly broadened the potential applications of these materials. Yarns, fibers, and papers based on CNTs or graphene have been utilized as electrochemical biosensors, artificial muscles, strain sensors, and electrically-driven neural growth substrates.Prototype devices have been critical to the discovery and demonstration of the unique properties of new materials, but are not typically constructed for durability or biocompatibility because they rely on polymeric adhesives (such as conductive glues), or solders for electrical connections. In this work, we present two key metallization techniques using commerciallyavailable alloys for the integration of carbon materials with electronics: (i) laser fabrication of Au micro-circuit boards embedded in a polycrystalline diamond substrate and (ii) spotbrazing of carbonaceous fibers with Au-based pastes to enable a freestanding carbon wire with metallic (platinum or stainless steel) contacts. The carbon/metal interfaces are characterized according to their electrical properties and elemental composition at the interface. A brief review and discussion of active brazing to carbon materials is included.2

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An all-diamond, hermetic electrical feedthrough array for a retinal prosthesis

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Soft, Flexible Freestanding Neural Stimulation and Recording Electrodes Fabricated from Reduced Graphene Oxide

Soft, Flexible Freestanding Neural Stimulation and Recording Electrodes Fabricated from Reduced Graphene Oxide

Monitoring the evolution of boron doped porous diamond electrode on flexible retinal implant by OCT and in vivo impedance spectroscopy

Brazing techniques for the fabrication of biocompatible carbon-based electronic devices

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