An all-optical modulator based on a graphene–plasmonic slot waveguide at 1550 nm

Sun, Feiying; Xia, Liangping; Nie, Changbin; Qiu, Ciyuan; Tang, Linlong; Shen, Jun; Sun, Tai; Yu, Linfeng; Wu, Peng; Yin, Shi; Yan, Shihan; Du, Chunlei

doi:10.7567/1882-0786/ab0a89

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An AO modulator based on graphene plasmonic slot waveguide was proposed (Figure 12b) with the modulation efficiency of 0.21 dB μm −1 . [ 257 ] Once pump light is propagated along this plasmonic slot waveguide (Figure 12c), light–graphene interaction could be enhanced dramatically (Figure 12d). Benefiting from a small volume of light propagation mode and local field enhancement, the saturation energy of graphene is measured to be 12 fJ (Figure 12e), which is much smaller than graphene onto a Si slot waveguide.…”

Section: Waveguide‐integrated Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐Dimensional Materials for Integrated Photonics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Yin

et al. 2021

Small Science

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With the development of novel optoelectronic materials and nanofabrication technologies, integrated photonics is a rapidly developing field that will promote the development and application of next‐generation photonic devices. In recent years, emerging two‐dimensional materials (2DMs) including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus (BP), and ternary compounds show many complementarities and unique characteristics over those of traditional optoelectronic materials including broadband absorption, ultrafast carrier mobility, strong nonlinear effects, and compatibility for monolithic integration. Herein, the recent progress on waveguide‐integrated active devices for a full photonic circuit based on 2DMs is reviewed. Both the development of nanofabrication techniques and the working mechanism of active photonic components based on 2DMs containing integrated light sources, waveguide‐integrated modulators, photodetectors, as well as some advanced 2DMs‐based optoelectronic devices are illustrated in detail. In the end, the existing challenges and perspectives on novel 2DMs‐integrated photonics are summarized and discussed.

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Section: Waveguide‐integrated Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Waveguide‐integrated Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Dimensional Materials for Integrated Photonics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Yin

et al. 2021

Small Science

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“…Other plasmon-enhanced all-optical graphene modulators have been reported in refs. [13], [14]. Nonetheless, incorporating plasmonic metals into these devices introduces an excessive insertion loss (IL), mainly due to the inherent ohmic losses that are induced by these metals [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance All-Optical Modulator Based on Graphene-hBN Heterostructures

Alaloul,

Khurgin

2022

Preprint

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Graphene has emerged as an ultrafast photonic material for on-chip all-optical modulation. However, its atomic thickness limits its interaction with guided optical modes, which results in a high switching energy per bit or low modulation efficiencies. Nonetheless, it is possible to enhance the interaction of guided light with graphene by nanophotonic means. Herein, we present a practical design of an all-optical modulator that is based on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructures that are hybrid integrated into silicon slot waveguides. Using this device, a high extinction ratio (ER) of 7.3 dB, an ultralow insertion loss (IL) of <0.6 dB, and energy-efficient switching (<0.33 pJ/bit) are attainable for a 20 µm long modulator with double layer graphene. In addition, the device performs ultrafast switching with a recovery time of <600 fs, and could potentially be employed as a high-performance all-optical modulator with an ultra-high bandwidth in the hundreds of GHz. Moreover, the modulation efficiency of the device is further enhanced by stacking additional layers of graphene-hBN heterostructures, while theoretically maintaining an ultrafast response. The proposed device exhibits highly promising performance metrics, which are expected to serve the needs of next-generation photonic computing systems.

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“…Graphene has unique properties such as a unique linear energy band, high carrier mobility at room temperature, and controllable light transmission and carrier density by applying electric media. These properties have led to the widespread use of graphene in electro-optical modulators from the visible range to terahertz [23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, these structures suffer from low ER due to poor interaction between graphene and light-wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Low Power Hybrid Electro-Optic Plasmonic Modulator Based on ITO and Graphene

Abbaszadeh-Azar

Abedi

2021

Preprint

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In this paper, a hybrid plasmonic modulator based on ITO and graphene has been proposed and designed. Graphene and ITO are used in the active region, which increases the light-matter interaction and reduces the device's operating voltage in the proposed modulator. As a result, it increases the extinction ratio (ER), reduces power consumption and device footprint in the proposed modulator compared to similar modulators. The values of 14 dB/µm and 5.4 fJ are obtained for ER and power consumption, respectively. The time-domain finite-difference (FDTD) method is used to simulate the modulator. The integration of a modulator with high light-matter interaction and low power consumption in the silicon-on-insulator platform has significant potential for broadband, compact and efficient communication interconnects and circuits.

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An all-optical modulator based on a graphene–plasmonic slot waveguide at 1550 nm

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Two‐Dimensional Materials for Integrated Photonics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Two‐Dimensional Materials for Integrated Photonics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

High-Performance All-Optical Modulator Based on Graphene-hBN Heterostructures

Design of a Low Power Hybrid Electro-Optic Plasmonic Modulator Based on ITO and Graphene

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