An Alternate-Form Instrument to Assess Vividness and Controllability of Mental Imagery in Seven Modalities

Switras, Joseph E.

doi:10.2466/pms.1978.46.2.379

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although the importance of different sensory modes (e.g., the auditory, haptic, gustatory, and olfactory modes) in decision making should not be ignored, our model focuses on the specific role played by the visual mode (single images or series of images in the form of “mental films”). Not least because previous research has shown that people report greater vividness for vision than for other modalities (e.g., the auditory or organic/somesthetic modes), which suggests that the visual modality plays a dominant role in mental imagery (Olivetti Belardinelli et al, ; Schifferstein, ; Switras, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Risk Taking Is Related to Mental Imagery: A Fresh Look at the Old Issue of Entrepreneurship and Risk

2019

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This paper contributes to the debate concerning determinants of willingness to take entrepreneurial risks and proposes a new approach to this issue. Our theoretical model predicts that entrepreneurs differ from non-entrepreneurs in their willingness to accept business risks because the former produce more vivid and more positive mental images of the consequences of risk taking than the latter. We investigated the psychological processes behind willingness to take business and non-business risks in groups of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. First, we measured basic risk attitudes. Next, participants were presented with risky scenarios and asked to: (1) produce mental images; (2) evaluate their positivity and vividness; and (3) assess fearfulness evoked by the scenarios as well as risk level and willingness to take risk. Entrepreneurs did not differ from non-entrepreneurs in either their basic risk attitudes or willingness to take nonbusiness risks. However, entrepreneurs declared a greater readiness to take business risks and produced more positive and vivid mental images of business risks. We found that an indirect effect of vividness of mental imagery on declared business risk taking only occurred for entrepreneurs. On a theoretical level, our results show that mental imagery might determine entrepreneurs' willingness to take business risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Risk Taking Is Related to Mental Imagery: A Fresh Look at the Old Issue of Entrepreneurship and Risk

2019

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“…The 350 participants in the Survey of Mental Imagery (Switras, 1978(Switras, , 1979 were requested to imagine 10-16 stimuli for each of the seven modalities. The highest mean vividness scores on a 5-point scale were found for vision (3.84), kinaesthesia (3.83), audition (3.79), and cutaneous/tactile (3.74).…”

Section: Mental Imagery For the Different Sensory Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Mental Imagery across the Sensory Modalities

Schifferstein

2009

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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Previous studies using introspective reports have suggested that although mental images can contain elements referring to all sensory modalities, visual images tend to be experienced as most vivid, whereas olfactory and gustatory images tend to be least vivid. However, these studies have typically used arbitrarily selected events and objects as the to-be-imagined stimuli, which may have biased cross-modal comparison. Therefore, in the present study participants were instructed to imagine an event or product of their choice that elicited a conspicuous or characteristic appearance, sound, feel, smell, or taste. The results showed that the types of events imagined differed considerably across modalities. Similar to previous studies in this area, we found that the reported image quality was consistently highest for vision and audition, and lowest for smell.

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“…Over the last two centuries, various assessments were developed to evaluate an individual’s MI ability within different dimensions, for example, vividness or image clarity31–39 and controllability or the ease and accuracy with which an image can be manipulated mentally 40–43. Some assessments can evaluate both dimensions - vividness and controllability 44. However, all these assessments are often used as self-reported questionnaires for subjective MI ability assessments 2 45…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review

et al. 2018

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IntroductionMotor imagery (MI) is a very popular and well-accepted technique in different disciplines. Originating from sport and psychology, MI is now also used in the field of medicine and education. Several studies confirmed the benefits of MI to facilitate motor learning and skill acquisition. The findings indicated that individual’s MI ability might influence the effectiveness of MI interventions. Over the last two centuries, researchers have developed several assessments to evaluate MI’s abstract construct. However, no systematic reviews (SR) exist for MI ability evaluation methods and their measurement properties.Methods and analysisThe SR will evaluate available MI ability assessments and their psychometric properties in four relevant disciplines: sports, psychology, medicine and education. This involves performing searches in SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC. Working independently, two reviewers will screen articles for selection. Then all raw information will be compiled in an overview table—including the articles’ characteristics (eg, a study’s setting or the population demographics) and the MI ability assessment (psychometric properties). To evaluate the articles’ methodological quality, we will use the COSMIN checklist. Then we will evaluate all the included assessments’ quality and perform a best-evidence synthesis. Results of this review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThe SR is based on published data, and ethical approval is not required. This review will provide information on assessment performance and equipment, as well as its main focus and usefulness. Furthermore, we will present the methodological quality of all the included articles and assess the included instruments’ quality. Ultimately, this will act as a valuable resource, providing an overview of MI ability assessments for individual clinical settings, treatment aims, and various populations. The SR’s final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077004

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An Alternate-Form Instrument to Assess Vividness and Controllability of Mental Imagery in Seven Modalities

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Entrepreneurial Risk Taking Is Related to Mental Imagery: A Fresh Look at the Old Issue of Entrepreneurship and Risk

Entrepreneurial Risk Taking Is Related to Mental Imagery: A Fresh Look at the Old Issue of Entrepreneurship and Risk

Comparing Mental Imagery across the Sensory Modalities

Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review

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