Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review

Abstract

IntroductionMotor imagery (MI) is a very popular and well-accepted technique in different disciplines. Originating from sport and psychology, MI is now also used in the field of medicine and education. Several studies confirmed the benefits of MI to facilitate motor learning and skill acquisition. The findings indicated that individual’s MI ability might influence the effectiveness of MI interventions. Over the last two centuries, researchers have developed several assessments to evaluate MI’s abstract construct. However, no systematic reviews (SR) exist for MI ability evaluation methods and their measurement properties.Methods and analysisThe SR will evaluate available MI ability assessments and their psychometric properties in four relevant disciplines: sports, psychology, medicine and education. This involves performing searches in SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC. Working independently, two reviewers will screen articles for selection. Then all raw information will be compiled in an overview table—including the articles’ characteristics (eg, a study’s setting or the population demographics) and the MI ability assessment (psychometric properties). To evaluate the articles’ methodological quality, we will use the COSMIN checklist. Then we will evaluate all the included assessments’ quality and perform a best-evidence synthesis. Results of this review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThe SR is based on published data, and ethical approval is not required. This review will provide information on assessment performance and equipment, as well as its main focus and usefulness. Furthermore, we will present the methodological quality of all the included articles and assess the included instruments’ quality. Ultimately, this will act as a valuable resource, providing an overview of MI ability assessments for individual clinical settings, treatment aims, and various populations. The SR’s final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077004

Enhanced Multiple Instance Representation Using Time-Frequency Atoms in Motor Imagery Classification

“…Motor Imagery (MI), recorded via electroencephalography (EEG), is the motor intention in the form of enhancement or attenuation of brain activity in µ and β rhythms over the sensorimotor cortex, having a different spatial distribution for each imagined movement (Liang et al, 2016). MI has particular applicability to neurophysical regulation and rehabilitation, unconscious motor preparation (Wang et al, 2019), games and entertainment, and sports training, among others (Suica et al, 2018). In education scenarios, for which the Media and Information Literacy methodology proposed by the UNESCO covers several competencies that are vital for people to be effectively engaged in all aspects of human development (Frau-Meigs, 2007).…”

Prática mental na reabilitação de disfunções neuromotoras: uma revisão integrativa

“…A IM interna tem caráter cinestésico, o sujeito realiza uma simulação mental tentando sentir o movimento, sem que isso de fato ocorra. Usando a perspectiva interna o movimento é imaginado a partir de uma visão em primeira pessoa, por exemplo, como se estivesse vendo com os próprios olhos a parte do corpo que se move 22 . Já a IM externa, é predominantemente visual, sendo uma visão na perspectiva de terceira pessoa, semelhante a um observador assistindo à execução de um movimento na televisão 22 .…”

“…Usando a perspectiva interna o movimento é imaginado a partir de uma visão em primeira pessoa, por exemplo, como se estivesse vendo com os próprios olhos a parte do corpo que se move 22 . Já a IM externa, é predominantemente visual, sendo uma visão na perspectiva de terceira pessoa, semelhante a um observador assistindo à execução de um movimento na televisão 22 . As imagens visuais também podem ser divididas em imagens visuais de primeira pessoa (uma perspectiva subjetiva da própria pessoa) e imagens visuais de terceira pessoa (uma perspectiva objetiva como uma terceira pessoa) 23,26 .…”

“…Embora a PM seja utilizada há tempos por diferentes disciplinas 22 , há pouco tempo começou a ser aplicada no contexto da reabilitação. Várias são as evidências que suportam seus benefícios na melhora do desempenho motor em sujeitos com disfunções neuromotoras 5,24,25 .…”

Dynamic Modeling of Common Brain Neural Activity in Motor Imagery Tasks

“…It is believed that real movements and those performed mentally (imaginary movements) are functionally similar (Stolbkov et al, 2019). Therefore, there is sufficient experimental evidence that MI contributes to substantial improvements in motor learning and performance (Aymeric and Ursula, 2019), games and entertainment, sports training, therapy to induce recovery and neuroplasticity in neurophysical regulation and rehabilitation, and activation of brain neural networks as the basis of motor learning (Machado et al, 2019), and education scenarios (Boe and Kraeutner, 2018;MacIntyre et al, 2018;Suica et al, 2018), where the Media and Information Literacy methodology proposed by UNESCO includes many competencies that are vital for people to be effectively engaged in human development (Frau-Meigs, 2007). These applications reinforce the importance of studying the evolving brain organization to model plastic changes accurately, putting strength on dynamic modeling of temporal, spectral, and spatial features extracted from single channels due to most MI systems rely on them to distinguish distinctive neural activation patterns (Hamedi et al, 2016;Allen et al, 2018).…”