An alternative avenue for high‐performance phenolic resin/graphene composite

Zhao, Shuai; Cui, Jian; Zhang, Guangfa; Gao, Ailin; Yan, Yehai

doi:10.1002/pc.25286

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The 0.5 wt% graphene content into composite showed maximum tensile strength, where the neat phenolic resin was 34 MPa and increase to 51.4 MPa for phenolic resin/graphene composite. Phenolic resin combined with graphene also showed great improvement of electrical properties and the thermal conductivity of phenolic resin increased with the content of graphene [44].…”

Section: Phenolics/graphene Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives

Daniel¹,

Hong²

2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Graphene as new material, due to its unique and novel properties has attracted extensive attention and in-depth research in the scientific community. Graphene, as a covalently bonded monolayer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal structure, is currently the thinnest material found in the world, and also makes it one of the world's best in terms of its properties [1]. Graphene, with this special structure, contains rich and novel physical phenomena, which make it show many excellent properties such as ultra-higqh carrier mobility, good thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical modulus (1 TPa), breaking strength (125 GPa), and also a superior gas barrier, high transparency, and high specific surface area [2]. Moreover, based on these extraordinary properties, graphene showed great potential application prospects and market value in different fields such as transportation, high-frequency electronic devices, flexible display, electrochemical biosensor, new energy battery, supercapacitor, aerospace, biomedical, etc. Graphene can also be used as an ideal nanofiller to reinforce the properties of composites, thus providing a broader application space for composite materials. Even a small amount of graphene addition to composite tends to increase the mechanical, electrical, and processing properties [1-4]. Hence, the addition of graphene into polymer composite has shown improvements of properties compared to pure polymer, significant changes in the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties were proven, more than in the case of other materials. The polymer nanocomposites modified by graphene can be used in construction, automobile, aerospace, electronic, and medical applications, etc. The interaction between fillers and the polymer matrix at the interface has great importance for the performance of composites [5, 6]. As graphene is hard and very costly to produce, needs a lot of energy, and is difficult to control structure, coupled with other materials especially polymers, different alternatives were found by using modified graphene, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (Fig. 1), etc. provided more options which are considered easy to produce and showed a great improvement when combined with polymers. Generally, modified graphene (GO, RGO, etc) coupled with polymers and polymer composites can be possibly reached easily using various

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Section: Phenolics/graphene Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The graphene-based polymer nanocomposites constitute materials that can reduce weight and have excellent strength. Compared with polymer composites, the properties of polymer composites with a small amount of graphene are significantly improved [40,42,44].…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives

Daniel¹,

Hong²

2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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“…These composites have low thermal conductivity under room temperature. Moreover, during heating, they have ability to absorb heat through pyrolysis reactions of phenolic resin with generating pyrolysis gases and inject them into the boundary with thermal blockage effect to reduce the heat entering the material 5–7 . Unfortunately, when the oxidative gases react with the surface char severely under extreme heat load, which is called surface ablation, 8 the surface recession will occur leading a disadvantage that the aerodynamic shape changing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of ablation resistant/heat insulation/lightweight integrated thermal protection material for extreme aerothermodynamic environment

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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In order to meet the requirement of the more extreme and severe aerothermodynamic environment faced by the future spacecrafts for high-speed Earth return missions, novel ablation resistant/heat insulation/lightweight integrated resin matrix composites are designed for the heatshields for these vehicles. Proposing the concept of security zone and heat insulation zone into the novel designs, not only the ablation resistant and heat insulation abilities can be improved, but also the weight of the entire material can be effectively reduced.Simultaneously, a computer modeling is established to evaluate the comprehensive performance of integrated high temperature materials. A variety of material process design parameters is introduced into the model while taking the respective properties of fiber weave and matrix into consideration. Computer codes are written for solving the model based on the numerical method for solving nonlinear equations. Under two typical extreme aerothermodynamic environments faced by future aircrafts, the effects of material process design parameters on the comprehensive performance are analyzed, which includes ablation resistant ability, heat insulation capacity, and lightweight level. Finally, the optimal design scheme of the new integrated resin matrix composite under the specific environment is determined. This work helps to the on-demand design of new thermal protection materials for extreme entry or reentry environments.

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“…At present, heritage thermal protection materials are still used in TPS of near space aircrafts. For example, carbon/phenolic composite has good ablation resistance and can be used in high enthalpy and high heat flux aerothermodynamic environments 2–4 . But its density is large, and the thermal conductivity rises rapidly at high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in heat insulation capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, carbon/phenolic composite has good ablation resistance and can be used in high enthalpy and high heat flux aerothermodynamic environments. [2][3][4] But its density is large, and the thermal conductivity rises rapidly at high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in heat insulation capacity. Although Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) and the developed PICA-X have low density, small thermal conductivity, and excellent decomposition capacity to take heat away from material, [5][6][7] these porous materials will under seriously surface recession once the flight time increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation method and key factor analysis for thermal protection performance of multifunctional integrated ablative materials

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymer Composites

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The thermal protection materials of hypersonic aircrafts in near space are subjected to extremely serious aerothermodynamic environment under long heating time, higher enthalpy, larger heat accumulation, and so forth. Proposing new concepts of materials and accurate evaluation of their performance take the dominant roles in developing high-efficiency thermal protection materials under this severe environment. By introducing the concepts of gradient and fiber hybridization, this study proposes a multifunctional integrated ablative material scheme to replace heritage ones in order to improve the heat insulation, ablation resistant, and weight reduction capacities. Meanwhile, a thermal-fluid-ablative coupling mathematical model taking the manufacturing processing parameters reflecting the gradient and fiber hybridization into consideration is established. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis for the manufacturing processing parameters is carried out. A simulation tool is developed based on writing FORTRAN codes to solve the multi-field coupling model numerically. The results that the model and code are effective in analyzing the material's performance and the key manufacturing processing parameters influencing on the thermal protection performance of multifunctional integrated ablative material are pointed out. This work helps to design new thermal protection materials for hypersonic vehicles under extreme aerothermodynamic environments. Highlights • New scheme of multifunctional integrated ablative material is proposed. • Developed multi-field coupling thermal protection model for new material is established. • A bridge between material responses and manufacture processing parameters is built. • Key factors influencing on material performance are pointed out by sensitivity analysis.

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An alternative avenue for high‐performance phenolic resin/graphene composite

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives

Graphene Polymer Composites: Review on Fabrication Method, Properties and Future Perspectives

Design of ablation resistant/heat insulation/lightweight integrated thermal protection material for extreme aerothermodynamic environment

Evaluation method and key factor analysis for thermal protection performance of multifunctional integrated ablative materials

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