An Alternative to “Words” in the Behavior Modification of Disadvantaged Youth

Ehrle, Raymond A.

doi:10.1002/j.2164-585x.1968.tb01395.x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In addition to classroom teachers, other nonpedagogical specialists in personnel services in education were recruited to assist in the acculturation and socializing process. Many inadequately socialized youths were the products of: (a) inadequate emotional support, (b) too many social learning demands without face validity, (c) too few social learning demands, (d) too few social learning demands coupled with inadequate emotional support, (e) no true sense of community, which is necessary to teach moral values, (f) inadequate man's work to apply themselves to, and (g) the required use of abstractions without a sense of relevant real experience [3,4,7,9].…”

Section: Vocational Guidance Quarterlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is characterized by neuromuscular kinesthetic activity dealing with concrete objects and things. The hypothesis being tested by manpower programs is that work is the most commonly available, socially approved vehicle through which man masters himself and in so doing becomes a socially useful person-for in first learning to master his environment man learns to master himself [3].…”

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Manpower Programs: Psychosocial Considerations

Ehrle¹

1972

Vocational Guidance Quarterly

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Section: Vocational Guidance Quarterlymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manpower Programs: Psychosocial Considerations

Ehrle¹

1972

Vocational Guidance Quarterly

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“…This alternative approach of "work" or action instead of "words" is effective not only in changing immediate behaviors but in long range consequences for personality integration and permanent behavior change. In short, it is highly probable that a structured work approach, including work sample assessment, work adjustment training, the learning of graded tasks, job tryout and selective placement is more effective with essentially nonverbal, unmotivated "disadvantaged" clients than is a verbal counseling approach (Ehrle, R. A., 1971). In identification and kinesthetic play or work experience, the approach is experiential.…”

Section: Rehabilitation Facilities and Residential Manpower Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminishing functional disability: Complementary rehabilitation efforts.

Ehrle¹

1972

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Functional disabilities are those conditions which work to prevent the individual from participating fully in society. Although there is some degree of overlap, functional disabilities may be either primarily instrumental in nature, or ones of role dysfunction. Both have psychosocial considerations. However, one type of government subsidized center (the comprehensive rehabilitation center) is oriented toward reducing instrumental disability while addressing psychosocial consequences via a verbal approach, while a separate type of facility (the residential manpower center) is oriented toward reducing role dysfunction while addressing psychosocial problems via participative activities. The major "crossover" between the two populations occurs at the vocational evaluation, work adjustment training, job tryout and selective placement levels.

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The Individual Versus Society ‐ an Analysis of Variance

Ehrle¹

1971

Journal of Employment Couns

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Is there an inherent conflict between the individual and society? One needs only to read current news reports and magazine features to conclude that there is. How can the individual survive in a mass society? Concurrently, how can the society be responsive t o the needs of the citizen while maintaining order? Indeed, must the social order be maintained at the expense of the individual? This article is addressed to these and related questions. The notion of viability is central t o this discussion. Viability is the capability for growth or development or the state of being workable. The thought I would like t o develop is that both individual persons and the society at large need not be in conflict t o assure their viability. Indeed, the viability of each is, t o a large extent, contingent upon the parallel viability of the other. Anthropologists report that throughout man's recorded history, all societies have concerned themselves with remaining viable and ensuring the viability of their citizenry. To the extent that individuals are not viable, they perish; and to the extent that societies are not viable, they also perish. Society in general, however, can only retain its viability-its ability t o maintain its integnty while at the same time adjusting t o changed circumstances-to the extent that its institutions remain open and receptive to meeting the needs of citizens. At the same time, the individual attempts to attain some degree of viability, e.g., by establishing his identity and attempting t o retain his integrity while also growing and changing through (a) developing a strong ego, (b) learning new skills, (c) increasing his efficiency in decision-making, (d) improving his geographic mobility, and so on. The individual must grow in these ways so that he can meet changed situations (Ehrle, 1969). CONFLICT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL. AND SOCIETY Newspaper reports, current TV features, and legal decisions suggest that an increasingly large number of individuals either are in conflict with society or feel that they might be. This feeling is particularly justifiable when one considers accounts of wire-tapping, anti-war demonstrations, welfare rights confrontations, civil rights 182 JOURNAL OF EMPLOYMENT COUNSELINGactivities, gun control proposals, police surveillance, income tax monitoring, and so forth. Some writers have led us t o believe that at this time a dichotomy or polarity does indeed exist between the objectives of the individual and those of society. According t o Webster's Dictionary, a dichotomy is a "division or process of dividing into especially mutually exclusive or contradictory groups," while polarity is "the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers. . . ." The thesis of this article is that dichotomy and polarity need not occur and that, in effect, the individual and society must ultimately complement each other. Complement is defined by Webster as "something that fills up, completes or makes perfect." Although we are witnessing a flowering of individuat...

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An Alternative to “Words” in the Behavior Modification of Disadvantaged Youth

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Manpower Programs: Psychosocial Considerations

Manpower Programs: Psychosocial Considerations

Diminishing functional disability: Complementary rehabilitation efforts.

The Individual Versus Society ‐ an Analysis of Variance

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