An Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Poly (Pyrrole‐2‐Carboxylic Acid)/Glucose Oxidase Biocomposite

Abstract

A newly developed amperometric glucose biosensor based on graphite rod (GR) working electrode modified with biocomposite consisting of poly (pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid) (PCPy) particles and enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) was investigated. The PCPy particles were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique using H2O2 as initiator of polymerization reaction and modified covalently with the GOx (PCPy‐GOx) after activation of carboxyl groups located on the particles surface with a mixture of N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Then the PCPy‐GOx biocomposite was dispersed in a buffer solution containing a certain amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The resulting biocomposite suspension was adsorbed the on GR electrode surface with subsequent solvent airing and chemical cross‐linking of the proteins with glutaraldehyde vapour (GR/PCPy‐GOx). It was determined that the current response of the GR/PCPy‐GOx electrodes to glucose measured at +300 mV vs Cl reference electrode was influenced by the duration of the PCPy particles synthesis, pH of the GOx solution used for the PCPy particles modification and the amount of immobilized PCPy‐GOx biocomposite. An optimal pH of buffer solution for operation of the biosensor was found to be 8.0. Detection limit was determined as 0.039 mmol L−1 according signal to noise ratio (S/N: 3). The proposed glucose biosensor was tested in human serum samples.

Recent developments in conducting polymers: applications for electrochemistry

“…The LOD was 0.039 mmol L À1 with regard to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N: 3), and this glucose biosensor was used to test human serum samples. 89 Al-Sagur et al published a measurable synthesis of the multifunctional conducting polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel (MFH) integrated with rGO, lutetium phthalocyanine (LuPc 2 ), and vinyl-substituted PANI (VS-PANI) as the powerful 3D matrix for glucose oxidase (GO x ) immobilization (PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/ LuPc 2 /GO x -MFH). Researchers then integrated multicomponents like PAA with the rGO and VS-PANI via a free radical polymerization process with the use of the methylene bis-acrylamide as well as ammonium per-sulfate as the crosslinker and initiator.…”

Design of Electrodes on Gold Test Strips for Enhanced Accuracy in Glucose Measurement

“…Hsu et al [10] further disclosed another biosensor electrode design of gold electrodes. Kausaite-Minkstimiene et al [11] discussed the amperometric glucose biosensor based on graphite rod (GR) working electrode modified with biocomposite consisting of poly(pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) (PCPy) particles and enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx). Virbickas et al [12] discussed spontaneous oxidation of Prussian white (PW), which is completely reduced form of Prussian blue (PB), has been investigated at ambient conditions and stable form of PW-PB as an intermediate oxidation state based on the presence of both redox forms (PW and PB).…”

Combining Electrospinning and Vapor-Phase Polymerization for the Production of Polyacrylonitrile/ Polypyrrole Core-Shell Nanofibers and Glucose Biosensor Application

“…Kausaite-Minkstimiene et al proposed two amperometric glucose biosensors based on GOx covalently bound to PPyCOOH particles. In the first publication (Kausaite-Minkstimiene et al, 2018 ), the PPyCOOH-GOx composite was mixed with BSA and cross-linked at the surface of a graphite electrode. The influence of different parameters (pH of GOx solution for particles modifications, and pH of measurement electrolyte) on the biosensor signal was demonstrated.…”

“…They have been studied, mostly as thin films and only by a few research groups, for the development of immunosensors (Puri et al, 2014;Iordanescu et al, 2018) or aptasensors (Jun et al, 2014;Sheikhzadeh et al, 2016). Kausaite-Minkstimiene et al recently proposed amperometric glucose biosensors based on GOx immobilized on PPyCOOH particles and PPyCOOH particles/gold nanoparticles composites (Kausaite-Minkstimiene et al, 2018, 2020. Only two enzyme biosensors have been reported for glucose detection based on NFs and pure PPy coating, GOx being adsorbed or cross-linked at the conducting NFs surface (Ekabutr et al, 2013;Cetin and Camurluz, 2017).…”