An Analysis of Age Differences in Immediate Recall

Parkinson, Stanley R.; Lindholm, Julie Mapes; Inman, Vaughan W

doi:10.1093/geronj/37.4.425

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Young participants recalled on average 8.28 words from the 20-word list, whereas the older participants recalled on average 6.38 words. Consistent with recent analyses, this 22.9% age-related decrement in performance was constant throughout the U-shaped nominal SP curves (e.g., Arenberg, 1976; Capitani et al, 1992; Kahana, Howard, Zaromb, & Wingfield, 2002; Kausler, 1994; Parkinson, Lindholm, & Inman, 1982; Salthouse, 1980; Wright, 1982). This finding contradicts Glanzer's (1972) analysis of the SP curve in which primacy but not recency was selectively impaired in older adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Second, more recent studies of free recall have shown that the age decrement in free recall occurs consistently throughout the serial position curve (e.g., Arenberg, 1976; Capitani, Della Sala, Logie, & Spinnler, 1992; Parkinson, Lindholm, & Inman, 1982; Salthouse, 1980; Wright, 1982). There is little or no evidence in these studies that the recency effect is selectively preserved, nor that the age-related decrement resides solely in the early and middle portions of the serial position curve.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Age-Related Deficits in Free Recall: The Role of Rehearsal

Ward

Maylor

2005

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

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Age-related deficits have been consistently observed in free recall. Recent accounts of episodic memory suggest that these deficits could result from differential patterns of rehearsal. In the present study, 20 young and 20 older adults (mean ages 21 and 72 years, respectively) were presented with lists of 20 words for immediate free recall using the overt rehearsal methodology. The young outperformed the older adults at all serial positions. There were significant age-related differences in the patterns of overt rehearsals: Young adults rehearsed a greater number of different words than did older adults, they rehearsed words to more recent serial positions, and their rehearsals were more widely distributed throughout the list. Consistent with a recency-based account of episodic memory, age deficits in free recall are largely attributable to age differences in the recency, frequency, and distribution of rehearsals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

Age-Related Deficits in Free Recall: The Role of Rehearsal

Ward

Maylor

2005

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

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“…We chose to examine age-related changes in performance because the lag-CRP is a measure of temporal association and recent work by Naveh-Benjamin (2000) suggested that older adults have a specific deficit in their ability to form new associations. Also, unlike other variables that clearly dissociate recency from prerecency, the agerelated deficit in free recall is seen at all serial positions (Capitani, Della Sala, Logie, & Spinnler, 1992;Foos, Sabol, Corral, & Mobley, 1987;Parkinson, Lindholm, & Inman, 1982;Poitrenaud, Moy, Girousse, Wolmark, & Piette, 1989;Rissenberg & Glanzer, 1987).…”

Section: Dissociating Recency and Lag Recencymentioning

confidence: 86%

Age dissociates recency and lag recency effects in free recall.

Kahana¹,

Howard²,

Zaromb³

et al. 2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

149

254

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The temporal relations among word-list items exert a powerful influence on episodic memory retrieval. Two experiments were conducted with younger and older adults in which the age-related recall deficit was examined by using a decomposition method to the serial position curve, partitioning performance into (a) the probability of first recall, illustrating the recency effect, and (b) the conditional response probability, illustrating the lag recency effect (M. W. Howard & M. J. Kahana, 1999). Although the older adults initiated recall in the same manner in both immediate and delayed free recall, temporal proximity of study items (contiguity) exerted a much weaker influence on recall transitions in older adults. This finding suggests that an associative deficit may be an important contributor to older adults' well-known impairment in free recall.

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“…This limited-resource model has been described using other constructs, such as attentional capacity (Craik & Byrd, 1982) and working-memory capacity (Parkinson, Lindholm, & Inman, 1982;Wright, 1981). However, Salthouse (1985) argued that processing speed has more widespread and reliable effects on age-related cognitive changes and has the advantage of being able to account for performance on a wide variety of cognitive measures in a parsimonious manner.…”

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confidence: 99%