“…Following previous management research, investment in advertising is related to an indicator of marketing capability (Kotabe et al, 2002;McAlister et al, 2007;Fosfuri & Giarratana, 2009;Srinivasan et al, 2009;Jeng & Pak, 2016). Many empirical studies found a significant relationship between investment in advertising and a firm's performance (Chauvin & Hirschey, 1993;Ghosh & Lusch, 2000;Wang et al, 2009;Joshi & Hanssens, 2010;Smith et al, 2011). For instance, Ghosh and Lusch (2000) propose that investment in advertising is significantly and positively related to financial performance.…”