An analysis of maximum body size and designation of size categories for notothenioid fishes

Eastman, Joseph T.

doi:10.1007/s00300-019-02502-7

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The presence of regressing or post-spawning females with ovaries containing postovulatory follicles indicates a recent spawning, possibly occurring in spring or early summer. Compared to the other two species, P. scotti showed greater fecundity, consistent with their maximum size reported in the literature (32 cm TL) (Eastman 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Except for a juvenile, all of the other specimens of P. barsukovi were adults close to the maximum size reported so far for the species (25 cm TL) (Eastman 2019). The evidence of males in the developing phase of gonad maturity and a single female in early spawning condition indicates that this species probably spawns in early autumn in the Weddell Sea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Reproductive traits and age of barbeled plunderfishes from the Weddell Sea

et al. 2020

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The genus Pogonophryne is the most species-rich genus of barbeled plunderfishes (Artedidraconidae) and includes more than 25 poorly known species endemic to the Southern Ocean. In this study, we provide new data on the age and reproductive traits of some species of Pogonophryne from the southern Weddell Sea, inferred through otolith reading and histological analyses of gonads. Individual age estimates ranged between 16 and 18 years for Pogonophryne barsukovi and Pogonophryne immaculata and between 10 and 22 years for Pogonophryne scotti. As is commonly found in notothenioids, P. barsukovi followed a group-synchronous type of ovarian development, with pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes forming two well-separated egg-size groups. A single spawning female in the sample produced ~1097 eggs and 7.9 eggs g-1. The sample of P. immaculata consisted exclusively of developing males, with testes composed of cysts of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Pogonophryne scotti was the most abundant species, including relatively small males at immature or developing stages of gonad development. Larger females were regressing, being characterized by ovaries with postovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes. Based on the macroscopic and histological analyses of gonads, the spawning season would take place in autumn for P. barsukovi and P. immaculata and in spring–early summer for P. scotti.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Reproductive traits and age of barbeled plunderfishes from the Weddell Sea

et al. 2020

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“…There is also a phylogenetic component in the biogeographic or latitudinal distribution of the individual species relating to the maximum size of females and its influence on egg size at spawning and individual absolute fecundity. The influence of latitude on the reproductive effort of cryonotothenioids can be inferred by analysis of the family Nototheniidae, which includes species of different size (thereafter cited as total length from Eastman, 2019) distributed over a wide latitudinal range (Figure 4). Patagonotothen tessellata and P. ramsayi , medium‐sized fishes (37–47 cm) distributed on the Patagonian shelf, have the lowest egg size and the highest relative fecundities among nototheniids, ranging from 1.1–1.4 mm and ~350–500 eggs/g (Brickle et al., 2006; Rae & Calvo, 1995).…”

Section: Fecundity and Egg Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many fish radiations are unlike that of the cryonothenioids in that they involve diversification of the morphology of the jaws, teeth and gill rakers associated with fine subdivision of trophic resources exemplified by some cichlid radiations (Fryer & Iles, 1972). However, given their shared axes of diversification, there is one radiation that is similar, including reproductive features, to that of the cryonotothenioids—cottoid sculpins in Lake Baikal in Siberia (Eastman, 2019). Baikal is a 1,600 m‐deep, rift lake with 34 species of cottoids that compose 57% of the species diversity and 70%–80% of the fish biomass (Eshenroder et al., 1999; Goto et al., 2015; Sideleva, 1996, 2000).…”

Section: Notothenioid Reproduction and Radiation In A Biogeographic Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiation of cryonotothenioids was accompanied by considerable morphological and ecological divergence. The species range in maximum adult body size from 6 to 225 cm total length are found from tidal pools to waters depths of 2,941 m and, in spite of the absence of a swim bladder, occupy biotopes along the pelagic to benthic axis (Eastman, 2017, 2019, 2020). While some species show divergence in mouth size and head width (J. T. Eastman, unpublished), unlike some other fish radiations, they do not possess extensive specialization in their dentition, gastrointestinal morphology or diets, nor do they exhibit any hypertrophy or regression in any of their sense organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental care and reproductive strategies in notothenioid fishes

Mesa¹,

Llompart

Riginella

et al. 2020

Fish and Fisheries

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The adoption of parental care behaviours is the distinctive reproductive characteristic associated with the diversification and divergence of notothenioid fishes into an array of habitats in the subzero shelf and upper slope waters around Antarctica and sub‐Antarctic environments. These include a variety of pre‐ and post‐fertilization activities, including courtship behaviour and mate choice, linked to the development of sexually dimorphic traits, nest construction and egg guarding until hatch. Using published literature and new data, this review synthesizes and evaluates, in a phylogenetic context, information related to parental care, specifically sex‐specific morphological adaptations, nest location and structure, sexual differences in egg guarding and post‐spawning mortality, duration of egg incubation times and larval size at hatch. The existence of parental care in phylogenetically basal notothenioids is not documented and unlikely; however, the derived lineages of the Antarctic clade (cryonotothenioids), especially bathydraconids and channichthyids, clearly exhibit a trend towards larger egg size and reduced fecundity that are considered proxies for parental care behaviours. In addition, the reproductive strategies of cryonotothenioids exhibiting parental care show latitudinal patterns at intra‐ and inter‐specific levels. Antarctic species spawn in spring‐summer and have low fecundity, large egg size at spawning and large larvae at hatching. Sub‐Antarctic species spawn in autumn‐winter and have moderate to high fecundity, moderate egg size and larval size at hatching, whereas non‐Antarctic species spawn in winter and possess high fecundity, small egg size at spawning and small larvae at hatching.

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