An analysis of orientation selectivity in the cat's visual cortex

Rose, David; Blakemore, Colin

doi:10.1007/bf00239014

Cited by 243 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hirsch 1977; Mansfield and Ronner 1978;Payne and Berman 1983;Pettigrew et al 1968). Second, cortical cells preferring horizontal or vertical orientations may display narrower tuning (Kennedy and Orban 1979;Rose and Blakemore 1974). This study found, on average, 5.38% more cortical area responding preferentially to cardinal angles than to oblique angles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Investigators reported that in both developing and adult ferrets, larger areas were activated by horizontal and vertical contours than by oblique contours (Chapman and Bonhoeffer 1998;Chapman et al 1996;Coppola et al 1998;Rao et al 1997;White et al 2001). In cats and kittens, some electrophysiological (Albus 1975;Bauer and Jordan 1993;De Valois et al 1982;Fregnac and Imbert 1978;Kennedy and Orban 1979;Leventhal and Hirsch 1977;Mansfield and Ronner 1978;Payne and Berman 1983;Pettigrew et al 1968) and optical imaging (Dragoi et al 2001;Muller et al 2000) studies have suggested that more cortical cells tend to display horizontal or vertical preferences, and cortical cells preferring horizontal or vertical orientations are more narrowly tuned (Kennedy and Orban 1979;Rose and Blakemore 1974) in the primary visual cortex. However, investigators have largely ignored the fundamental question of how much the representation of a given angle overlaps with the representation of nearby angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Representation of Cardinal Contour Overlaps Less With Representation of Nearby Angles in Cat Visual Cortex

Wang

Ding

Yunokuchi

2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Wang, Gang, Shan Ding, and Kazutomo Yunokuchi. Representation of cardinal contour overlaps less with representation of nearby angles in cat visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 90: 3912-3920, 2003. First published August 20, 2003 10.1152/jn.00219.2003. Extensive attempts have been made to explain the neurobiological basis of the greater sensitivity of the visual system to vertically or horizontally oriented information than to information presented at oblique angles. However, investigators have largely ignored the overlap of the representation of a given angle with the representation of nearby angles. Recordings based on intrinsic optical signals were obtained in area 17 from 12 adult cats during the presentation of contours in various orientations. A method investigating both amplitude and statistical significance of changes was proposed to evaluate the orientation tuning properties for cell populations in the central area retinotopically corresponding to 0 -15°of visual field. Cardinal orientations were found to activate significantly greater areas in the exposed cortical area than the areas activated by oblique orientations. Areas activated by cardinal or oblique contours and those separated from them by 10°were compared. A significantly lower degree of overlap was seen between areas activated by presentation of cardinal contours and areas activated by neighboring orientations compared with those for oblique orientations which overlapped more extensively with neighboring orientations. In addition, areas activated only by cardinal contours were significantly larger than areas activated only by oblique contours. These results demonstrated in cell population level that more cells prefer horizontal or vertical orientations, and these cells are tuned more sharply than oblique selective cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of Cardinal Contour Overlaps Less With Representation of Nearby Angles in Cat Visual Cortex

Wang

Ding

Yunokuchi

2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Our previous work on spatial summation (Zumbroich & Blakemore, 1987) (Rose & Blakemore, 1974;Henry, Dreher & Bishop, 1974;Hammond & Andrews, 1978). The much broader average value of half-width (51-4 deg) reported previously for p.m.l.s.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysis Of Stimulus Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus selectivity and functional organization in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex of the cat.

Blakemore¹,

Zumbroich²

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. We have examined the responses of cells in the postero-medial and posterolateral lateral suprasylvian areas (p.m.l.s./p.l.l.s.) in the medial and lateral banks of the middle suprasylvian sulcus of the anaesthetized, paralysed cat.2. Visual responses were assessed qualitatively (for projected spot and bar stimuli) and quantitatively (for drifting, high-contrast gratings of optimum spatial and temporal frequencies, but varying in orientation and direction of drift). There was excellent agreement between qualitative and quantitative estimates of preferred direction of motion.3. Comparison of responses to motion in the preferred direction and the opposite direction confirmed that the percentage of units with strong directional preference is higher in this region of cortex than in other cortical and subcortical visual structures so far investigated.4. Cells were comparatively well 'tuned' for the direction of motion of a grating: on average the half-width at half-amplitude for the variation in response around the principal preferred direction was 23-2 deg for p.m.l.s. and 25-3 deg for p.l.l.s., thus falling within the range found for complex cells in area 17. In this and other aspects of their direction selectivity, neurones in p.m.l.s. and p.l.l.s. were very similar to each other.5. Quantitative analysis of the direction-response functions revealed them frequently to be more complex than previously described. For many cells there were subsidiary response peaks in addition to the main peak at the principal preferred direction. Often there was an accessory peak 180 deg from the optimum direction (i.e. directional preference was incomplete), but there was also a clear tendency for responses to be specifically elevated for directions orthogonal to the principal direction.6. Tests with stationary, contrast-modulated gratings of the optimum spatial frequency, but differing in orientation, revealed that neurones responsive to such stimuli (though limited to about half the population) were orientation selective, their preferred orientations for stationary and drifting gratings being very similar.7. The functional architecture of the lateral suprasylvian cortex was studied by means of single and multiple penetrations at different angles to the cortical surface: in most penetrations in p.m.l.s. the preferred directions of cells tended to shift progressively in small steps across the cortex, at a maximum rate of about 360 deg C. BLAKEMORE AND T. J. ZUMBROICH mm-'. However, there were occasional 180 deg differences between neighbouring recording sites or between cells recorded at different depths within a single radial column. Thus, the local sequential representation across the cortical surface seems to relate to stimulus orientation or axis of motion, rather than to the direction of movement.

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“…The other was based on the possibility that the number of orientation-tuned cells was greater at the main meridians than at the obliques (Bouma & Andriessen, 1968). A third possibility was added to the others when Rose and Blakemore (1974) included lower thresholds for cortical cells at the main meridians among the suggested neural causes of various psychophysical manifestations of meridional anistropy.…”

Section: Neural Modelingof the Oblique Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, however, most of the data that have appeared in the literature showed no significant differences in orientation tuning among cells with different preferred orientations (e.g., DeValois, Yund, & Hepler, 1982;Mansfield, 1975). Nor does there appear to be any significant difference in threshold (Rose & Blakemore, 1974). However, several groups of investigators have found that the number of cells with preferred orientation at the main meridians is greater than the number tuned to the obliques for cells with foveal receptive fields (DeValois et al, 1982;Heggelund & Albus, 1978;Leventhal & Hirsch, 1980;Mansfield, 1975;Pettigrew, Nikara, & Bishop, 1968).…”

Section: Neural Modelingof the Oblique Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural-holographic model of sensory and memorial oblique effects

Matin

Thoms

1984

Perception & Psychophysics

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This note's purpose is to outline a model of the oblique effect. It was inspired by findings about a memorial manifestation of the oblique phenomenon that appeared in a study of memory for the orientation of a 3.8-cpd sinusoidal grating at two reference orientations, 90 and 45 deg (Thoms, 1981). The results of the study suggested an exponential decay process that could be related, in some rather surprising ways, to current thinking about the corresponding sensory oblique effect.In Thoms's study, measurements were made with a delayed comparison procedure as follows: On each trial, the grating was flashed twice for 200 msec with an interstimulus interval ranging from .35 to 2.8 sec.Observers were required to report whether the grating's orientation was the same or different on the two presentations. For each of the four subjects studied, and for both the vertical and the oblique gratings, discriminability decreased with increase in interstimulus interval. But the results for the 9O-deg reference orientation and the 45-deg orientation differed in two important ways: First, orientation discrimination was poorer at 45 deg than at 90 deg for all interstimulus intervals. Second, the rate of decay of discriminability was slower at 45 deg than at 90 deg, The latter finding, which is in line with the results of another recent study showing longer visible persistence at oblique meridians relative to persistence at the main meridians (Bowling & Lovegrove, 1981), provided the hint that led to our theoretical conceptions.The neural model of the oblique effect appears in the first section of this paper after the presentation of a brief outline of background information needed to develop our arguments. The second section relates the model from the first section to ideas about holographic information storage with suggestions about a physiological realization of a hologram. Neural Modelingof the Oblique EffectThe oblique effect, which we define as sensory, perceptual, or cognitive performance that depends on stimulus orientation, was first formally examined

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An analysis of orientation selectivity in the cat's visual cortex

Cited by 243 publications

References 23 publications

Representation of Cardinal Contour Overlaps Less With Representation of Nearby Angles in Cat Visual Cortex

Representation of Cardinal Contour Overlaps Less With Representation of Nearby Angles in Cat Visual Cortex

Stimulus selectivity and functional organization in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex of the cat.

A neural-holographic model of sensory and memorial oblique effects

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