“…The variables employed include demographic variables (share of the population that is white, the share in three different age groups, the share with some college education), income variables (the share of the population in three different household income categories, median household income), urbanization variables (the percent of the zip code in an urban area, population density), and real estate variables (the percent of vacant housing units, the median year built, median real estate taxes). These are common control variables in housing value studies: Schwartz and Zorn () (population density and age demographics); Santiago, Galster, and Tatian () (real estate taxes and income); Ellen and Voicu (2006) (proximity indicators); Di, Ma, and Murdoch () (racial demographics); Bifulco () (age and racial demographics). Clearly, other factors affect housing values, but as previously mentioned, identification of the oil and gas tax base capitalization comes from spatial variation in geology and temporal variation in natural gas prices, both of which should be unrelated to local housing market shocks (excluding those related to shale development).…”