An Analysis of the Roles of Stress, Temperature, and pH in Chemical Compaction of Sandstones

Sheldon, Heather A.; Wheeler, John; Worden, Richard H.; Cheadle, M. J.

doi:10.1306/070802730064

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This in part is due to the significant role low VES plays in limiting and forestalling the onset of intergranular pressure solution at grain contacts (e.g. Osborne and Swarbrick, 1999;Swarbrick et al, 2000;Sheldon et al, 2003;Becker et al, 2010 Stricker andJones 2016). Quartz cementation and especially quartz overgrowths on detrital quartz grains are a widely reported diagenetic and porosity reducing processes in deeply buried quartz rich sandstones (e.g.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: Examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, UK

Stricker

Jones

Sathar

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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(2016) 'Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings : examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, UK, North Sea.', Marine and petroleum geology., 77 . pp. 198-215. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. cementation and has had little to no effect on porosity preservation. The formation of welldeveloped authigenic chlorite (>70% surface coating) and, to a lesser extent illite clay coats with burial had a positive effect on porosity preservation even though permeability was marginally reduced in the illite-rich sandstones. A schematic porosity and quartz cement evolution model has been developed which allows for pre-drill prediction of reservoir quality in the Heron Cluster and provide valuable insights for other complex high-pressure hightemperature reservoirs.

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Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: Examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, UK

Stricker

Jones

Sathar

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…Excess Ca in pore water was calculated by PHREEQC relative to equilibrium for calcite (Parkhurst & Appelo, 1999). calcite-calcite contacts (or quartz-quartz in sandstones) (e.g. Scholle, 1977;Bathurst, 1995;Sheldon et al, 2003), petrographic evidence frequently points to a role of sheet-silicates. Heald (1955) and several later authors including Bjørkum (1996) found stylolites in sandstone to be localized at quartz-phyllosilicate contacts.…”

Section: Stylolite Formation -Role Of Sheet Silicatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholle, 1977;Bathurst, 1995), but it remains an issue of debate how temperature and pressure controls this process, and whether clay minerals promote the process (e.g. Heald, 1955;Simpson, 1985;Lind, 1993a;Sheldon et al, 2003;Safaricz & Davison, 2005). It also remains unclear how diagenetically controlled changes in the mineralogy of silicates in the chalk influence changes in the dominating carbonate phase (Baker et al, 1980;Hobert & Wetzel, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stylolites, porosity, depositional texture, and silicates in chalk facies sediments. Ontong Java Plateau – Gorm and Tyra fields, North Sea

Fabricius¹,

Borre²

2006

Sedimentology

101

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Comparison of chalk on the Ontong Java Plateau and chalk in the Central North Sea indicates that, whereas pressure dissolution is controlled by effective burial stress, pore‐filling cementation is controlled by temperature. Effective burial stress is caused by the weight of all overlying water and sediments as counteracted by the pressure in the pore fluid, so the regional overpressure in the Central North Sea is one reason why the two localities have different relationships between temperature and effective burial stress. In the chalk of the Ontong Java Plateau the onset of calcite‐silicate pressure dissolution around 490 m below sea floor (bsf) corresponds to an interval of waning porosity‐decline, and even the occurrence of proper stylolites from 830 m bsf is accompanied by only minor porosity reduction. Because opal is present, the pore‐water is relatively rich in Si which through the formation of Ca–silica complexes causes an apparent super‐saturation of Ca and retards cementation. The onset of massive pore‐filling cementation at 1100 m bsf may be controlled by the temperature‐dependent transition from opal‐CT to quartz. In the stylolite‐bearing chalk of two wells in the Gorm and Tyra fields, the nannofossil matrix shows recrystallization but only minor pore‐filling cement, whereas microfossils are cemented. Cementation in Gorm and Tyra is thus partial and has apparently not been retarded by opal‐controlled pore‐water. A possible explanation is that, due to the relatively high temperature, silica has equilibrated to quartz before the onset of pressure dissolution and thus, in this case, dissolution and precipitation of calcite have no lag. This temperature versus effective burial stress induced difference in diagenetic history is of particular relevance when exploring for hydrocarbons in normally pressured chalk, while most experience has been accumulated in the over‐pressured chalk of the central North Sea.

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“…The time frame of 60 Ma in combination with rapidly increasing temperatures ( Figure 4; Stricker et al, 2016b) and increasing precipitation rates provide more than acceptable conditions for quartz cementation in the Central Graben, North Sea (e.g. Sheldon et al, 2003;Worden and Morad, 2000).…”

Section: Rapid Cenozoic Burial Is Limiting the Time Of Exposure To Qumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheldon et al, 2003;Worden and Morad, 2000). It has been shown that temperature a key mechanism for quartz precipitation and plays a critical role in the dissolution of silica.…”

Section: Chemical Compaction -A Controversial Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Overpressure preventing quartz cementation? - A reply

Stricker

Jones

Sathar

2017

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Overpressure preventing quartz cementation? -a replyStephan Stricker, Stuart Jones and Shanvas Sathar IntroductionWe are delighted that our recent contribution on sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality of the Heron Cluster reservoirs, Central North Sea, UK (Stricker et al., 2016b) has raised further interest and opportunity for discussion on the role played by pore fluid overpressure during burial diagenesis (chemical compaction). Maast (2016) raised several interesting points that merit a reply following the discussion of our paper on the maintenance of reservoir quality within the Heron Cluster reservoir sandstones (Stricker et al., 2016b). We used a multidisciplinary approach comprising petrographic, SEM, fluid inclusion, and burial history modelling studies to analyse the evolution of reservoir quality in HPHT environments. We highlighted several processes which contribute to the maintenance of exceptional porosity (>30%) and reservoir quality at depth. We concluded that a combination of A) well-developed chlorite and mixed chlorite/illite grain coatings, B) shallow onset of overpressure and vertical effective stress (VES) reduction, and C) continuous overpressure maintenance (low VES) maintained reservoir quality within the fluvial channel sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation. Maast (2016), however, insists in his comment that pore fluid overpressure does not play a role and that reduced VES does not benefit the maintenance of reservoir quality. We will address this comment by not providing a recount of our petrographical observations and modelling (Stricker et al., 2016b) but will refer to further observations and analyses from the Triassic Skagerrak Formation in the North Sea (see Stricker et al., 2016a;Stricker and Jones, 2016).

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An Analysis of the Roles of Stress, Temperature, and pH in Chemical Compaction of Sandstones

Cited by 62 publications

References 48 publications

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: Examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, UK

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: Examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, UK

Stylolites, porosity, depositional texture, and silicates in chalk facies sediments. Ontong Java Plateau – Gorm and Tyra fields, North Sea

Overpressure preventing quartz cementation? - A reply

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